{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:25:26Z","timestamp":1760189126397,"version":"3.30.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":12115,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>To investigate the possibility of an association between oral contraceptive steroids (CS) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we reviewed 128 cases of HCC in women collected between 1953 and 1980. There were 48 cases under the age of 40, and 13 of these (27%) had used CS. However, 62% of HCC associated with CS and 58% of HCC in women under 40 not using CS were classified histologically as \u201cfibrolamellar\u201d carcinoma. This subtype of HCC occurs predominantly in young people, both male and female. The apparent increase in HCC in young women can be explained by the presence of cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma in this age group, and the apparent association with CS is probably coincidental.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,5]],"date-time":"2010-07-05T12:59:46Z","timestamp":1278334786000},"page":"440S-444S","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Women: Probable Lack of Etiologic Association With Oral Contraceptive Steroids"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Zachary D.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamal G.","family":"Ishak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB1|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040724","article-title":"Hepatic lesions caused by anabolic and contraceptive steroids","volume":"1","author":"Ishak","year":"1981","journal-title":"Sem Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB2|cit2","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Johnson","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB3|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)32205-X","article-title":"Hepatic tumors: possible relation to use of oral contraceptives","volume":"73","author":"Klatskin","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB4|cit4","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Progress in surgical pathology","author":"Christopherson","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB5|cit5","first-page":"715","article-title":"Spontaneous rupture of the liver caused by hepatomas","volume":"74","author":"Hermann","year":"1973","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB6|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)92579-3","article-title":"Liver-cell carcinoma after long-term oestrogen-like drugs","volume":"1","author":"Thalassinos","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB7|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91725-5","article-title":"Hepatomas and oral contraceptives","volume":"2","author":"Berg","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB8|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)92259-4","article-title":"Hepatoblastoma associated with an oral contraceptive","volume":"2","author":"Meyer","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB9|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5995.496","article-title":"Histological evidence of carcinoma in a hepatic tumor associated with oral contraceptives","volume":"4","author":"Davis","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB10|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)99005-X","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and malignant hepatic tumors","volume":"1","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB11|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91494-X","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and malignant hepatoma","volume":"1","author":"Glassberg","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB12|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)92363-1","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and malignant hepatoma","volume":"2","author":"Tigano","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB13|cit13","first-page":"2584","article-title":"Sex hormones and hepatic neoplasia","volume":"36","author":"Goldfarb","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB14|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1977.tb130635.x","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma. 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Its transition to carcinoma in a user of oral contraceptives","volume":"105","author":"Tesulk","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB29|cit29","first-page":"321","article-title":"Primary malignant liver tumors","volume":"79","author":"Vana","year":"1979","journal-title":"NY State J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840020408-BIB30|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03300070040020","article-title":"Epidemiology of hepatocellular adenoma. 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