{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:32:49Z","timestamp":1762075969126,"version":"3.30.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":11811,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>A simple, direct molecular hybridization test was employed to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA sequences in human serum. In 61 HBsAg carriers, many with HBV-related diseases (chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, or posthepatitic cirrhosis), 28\/28 (100%) who were HBeAg* and 16\/32 (50%) who were anti-HBe<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> had HBV DNA sequences in their serum. Among 22 South African black patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 7 (32%) had detectable HBV DNA in their serum but at reduced levels when compared to HBsAg carriers without hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting that viral replication is suppressed or inactive in many hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Hybridization analysis also distinguished carriers with high, moderate, or low amounts of HBV DNA in serum. Ten to 20% of HBsAg<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/HBeAg<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> carriers showed high serum levels of HBV DNA but, surprisingly, a similar percentage of HBsAg<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/anti-HBe<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> carriers also showed relatively high serum levels of HBV DNA. Five patients who had undergone immunosuppression therapy and most of whom were on chronic hemodialysis had very high serum levels of HBV DNA, in the range observed during acute HBV infection. By epidemiologic analysis, two of these individuals were implicated in transmission of hepatitis to other hemodialysis patients, paramedical personnel, or intimate family contacts. Serum HBV DNA hybridization analysis identifies carriers with high serum levels of HBV irrespective of HBeAg\/anti-HBe status and may define individuals with potentially high risk of transmitting infection to their immediate contacts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,5]],"date-time":"2010-07-05T12:52:28Z","timestamp":1278334348000},"page":"285-291","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA Directly in Human Serum by a Simplified Molecular Hybridization Test: Comparison to HBeAg\/ Anti-HBe Status in HBsAg Carriers\u2020"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Harvey M.","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas R.","family":"Labrecque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Kew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanos J.","family":"Hadziyannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Shafritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB1|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/286533a0","article-title":"Presence of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA sequences in cellular DNA of human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"286","author":"Brechot","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB2|cit2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identification of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA sequences in human hepatocellular carcinomas","volume":"1","author":"Shafritz","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hepa-tology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB3|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3906","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.6.3906","article-title":"State of hepatitis B virus in hepatocytes of patients with HBsAg positive and HBsAg negative liver diseases","volume":"78","author":"Brechot","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB4|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198110293051807","article-title":"Integration of hepatitis B virus DNA into the genome of liver cells in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"305","author":"Shafritz","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB5|cit5","first-page":"35S","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus DNA molecules in the liver of HBsAg carriers. Mechanistic considerations in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"2","author":"Shafritz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB6|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840010503","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus DNA in the sera of HBsAg carriers: a marker of active hepatitis B virus replication in the liver","volume":"1","author":"Bonino","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB7|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90182-3","article-title":"Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in liver and serum: a direct appraisal of the chronic carrier state","volume":"2","author":"Brechot","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB8|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890090109","article-title":"An assay for the detection of the DNA genome of hepatitis B virus in serum","volume":"9","author":"Berninger","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB9|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890090405","article-title":"The detection of HBV DNA in serum by molecular hybridization: a more sensitive method for detection of complete HBV particles","volume":"9","author":"Weller","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB10|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(66)90447-5","article-title":"A membrane-filter technique for the detection of complementary DNA","volume":"23","author":"Denhardt","year":"1966","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB11|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(77)90052-3","article-title":"Labelling deoxynucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I","volume":"113","author":"Rigby","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Molec Biol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB12|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.16.1.132-140.1975","article-title":"Iodination of herpes virus nucleic acids","volume":"16","author":"Shaw","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB13|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6633","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.11.6633","article-title":"Enzymatic synthesis of biotin-labelled polynucleotides: novel nucleic acid affinity probes","volume":"78","author":"Langer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB14|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.13.3997","article-title":"Asymmetric replication of duck hepatitis B virus DNA in liver cells: free minus-strand DNA","volume":"79","author":"Mason","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB15|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.14.4415","article-title":"Radioimmunoassays of hidden viral antigens","volume":"79","author":"Neurath","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB16|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.5.2149","article-title":"Association of e antigen with Dane particle DNA in sera from asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen","volume":"74","author":"Werner","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB17|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197610212951701","article-title":"Type B hepatitis: the infectivity of blood positive for e antigen and DNA polymerase after accidental needlestick exposure","volume":"295","author":"Alter","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB18|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197604012941402","article-title":"E antigen and anti-e in the serum of asymptomatic carrier mothers as indicators of positive and negative transmission of hepatitis B virus to their infants","volume":"294","author":"Okada","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB19|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.4.571","article-title":"Hepatitis B e antigen and infectivity of hepatitis B virus","volume":"136","author":"Shikata","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB20|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/135.6.980","article-title":"Correlation of e antigen, DNA polymerase activity and Dane particles in chronic benign and chronic active type B hepatitis infections","volume":"135","author":"Tong","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB21|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112370","article-title":"The e antigen and vertical transmission of hepatitis B surface antigen","volume":"105","author":"Beasley","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB22|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-88-3-285","article-title":"Type B hepatitis after needlestick exposure: prevention with hepatitis B immune globulin. Final report of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study","volume":"88","author":"Seeff","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB23|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890030310","article-title":"HBeAg and anti-HBe detection by radioimmunoassay: correlation with vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan","volume":"3","author":"Stevens","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB24|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90395-0","article-title":"Hepatitis B e antigen, DNA polymerase activity, and infection of household contacts with hepatitis B virus","volume":"76","author":"Perrillo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB25|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91908-5","article-title":"Infectivity of serum containing HBsAg and antibody to e antigen","volume":"2","author":"Bequist","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB26|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-85-5-671","article-title":"Hepatitis B and the health worker: prospective studies in perspective","volume":"85","author":"Alter","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB27|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840010505","article-title":"The risk of hepatitis B transmission from staff to patients in hemodialysis units-an overrated problem?","volume":"1","author":"LaBrecque","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB28|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840010518","article-title":"The HBsAg positive health worker revisited","volume":"1","author":"Alter","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB29|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840020116","article-title":"The relationship between infectivity of serum from hepatitis B virus carriers, antiviral therapy and integrated hepatitis B virus DNA","volume":"2","author":"Shafritz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB30|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.17.10.781","article-title":"Contrasting features and responses to treatment of severe chronic active liver disease with and without hepatitis B surface antigen","volume":"17","author":"Schalm","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB31|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.19.6.510","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of chronic active hepatitis of moderate severity","volume":"19","author":"DeGroote","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB32|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90442-0","article-title":"Serum levels of hepatitis B surface and core antigens during immunosuppressive treatment of HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis","volume":"2","author":"Sagnelli","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB33|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198102123040702","article-title":"Deleterious effect of prednisolone in HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis","volume":"304","author":"Lam","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB34|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198102123040709","article-title":"Treatment of chronic active hepatitis. Good news and bad news","volume":"304","author":"Redeker","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB35|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(81)80002-9","article-title":"The effect of immunosuppressive therapy on viral markers in chronic active hepatitis B","volume":"81","author":"Scullard","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB36|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5675","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.18.5675","article-title":"Monoclonal radioimmunoassays for hepatitis B surface antigen. Demonstration of HBV DNA or related sequences in serum and viral epitopes in immune complexes","volume":"79","author":"Shafritz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB37|cit37","first-page":"27S","article-title":"State of hepatitis B virus DNA in liver diseases","volume":"2","author":"Brechot","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB38|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7552","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.23.7552","article-title":"Detection and transmission in chimpanzees of hepatitis B virus-related agents formerly designated \u201cnon-A, non-B\u201d hepatitis","volume":"79","author":"Wands","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB39|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840020410","article-title":"Dane particle-associated hepatitis B e antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and hepatitis B e antibody","volume":"2","author":"Raimondo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840030302-BIB40|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-4-539","article-title":"Post-transfusion hepatitis: current perspectives","volume":"92","author":"Aach","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.1840030302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-198305000-00002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T11:08:17Z","timestamp":1733051297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-198305000-00002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,5]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.1840030302","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0270-9139"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,5]]}}}