{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T05:25:22Z","timestamp":1738387522801,"version":"3.35.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":11566,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title\/><jats:p>Circulating immune complexes have been described in most liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease, although their pathogenic significance remains unclear. Currently available immune complex assays do not distinguish immunoglobulin aggregates from antigen-antibody complexes. Immunoglobulin aggregate formation occurs<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>at 37\u00b0C in the presence of hypergammaglobulinemia and\/or hypoalbuminemia, conditions common in liver disease. To determine if hypergammaglobulinemia and\/or hypoalbuminemia could predispose to immunoglobulin aggregate formation<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>, 25 patients with alcoholic liver disease were studied. Using sucrose density gradient fractionation followed by quantitation of IgG by radioimmunoassay, high molecular weight IgG complexes (&gt;11S) were frequently present in alcoholic liver disease sera, and correlated with the degree of hypergammaglobulinemia and\/or hypoalbuminemia, and with<jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I-Clq binding activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of these complexes revealed only IgG and nonspecific trapping of several normal serum proteins. A specific complex-associated antigen could not be identified. While small, undetectable quantities of true antigen-antibody complexes might also be present, our data suggest that IgG complexes in alcoholic liver disease may represent immunoglobulin aggregate formation<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,22]],"date-time":"2008-08-22T13:52:03Z","timestamp":1219413123000},"page":"101-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Nature of IgG Complexes in Alcoholic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Phillip H.","family":"Stoltenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald D.","family":"Soltis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB1","first-page":"150","article-title":"Immune complexes in acute and chronic liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Thomas","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB2","first-page":"28","article-title":"Detection of circulating immune complexes in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"34","author":"Penner","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB3","first-page":"292","article-title":"Non-specificity of circulating immune complexes in patients with acute and chronic liver disease","volume":"40","author":"Abrass","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)31515-X","article-title":"Alcoholic hyalin antigen (AHAg) and antibody (AHAb) in alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"73","author":"Kanagasundaram","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(81)90712-5","article-title":"HBsAg-associated albumin receptors and antialbumin antibodies in sera of patients with liver disease","volume":"80","author":"Thung","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB6","first-page":"35","article-title":"Double-stranded DNA-binding capacity of serum in acute and chronic liver disease","volume":"26","author":"Jain","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6038.727","article-title":"Histocompatibility antigens, autoantibodies and immunoglobulins in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Bailey","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90405-0","article-title":"Evidence against the presence of circulating immune complexes in chronic inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"76","author":"Soltis","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB9","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Protides of the biological fluids, XXVI Colloquium","author":"Soltis","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64180-8","article-title":"A method for determining the sedimentation behavior of enzymes: application to protein mixtures","volume":"236","author":"Martin","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1159\/000229699","article-title":"A method of trace iodination of proteins for immunologic studies","volume":"29","author":"McConahey","year":"1966","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.116.1.232","article-title":"Detection of immune complexes in unheated sera by a modified 125I-Clq binding test","volume":"116","author":"Zubler","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4","volume":"227","author":"Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.4.335","article-title":"Manual nephelometric methods for determination of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM in human serum","volume":"18","author":"Killingsworth","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)31516-1","article-title":"Chemical nature of alcoholic hyaline","volume":"73","author":"Luisada-Opper","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB16","first-page":"403","volume-title":"Progress in liver diseases","author":"Eliakim","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.9.2.193","article-title":"Immunoglobulins in chronic liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Feizi","year":"1968","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3109\/00365527709180931","article-title":"Serum immunoglobulins and organ non-specific antibodies in diseases of the liver","volume":"12","author":"Husby","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107733","article-title":"Antibodies to human albumin in cirrhotic sera","volume":"54","author":"Hauptman","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB20","first-page":"19","article-title":"Circulating IgG complexes in primary biliary cirrhosis. A serial study in forty patients followed for two years","volume":"34","author":"Gupta","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB21","first-page":"334","article-title":"Inhibition of human neutrophil migration by aggregated gammaglobulin","volume":"36","author":"Kemp","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108359","article-title":"Elaboration of toxic oxygen by-products by neutrophils in a model of immune complex disease","volume":"57","author":"Johnston","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB23","first-page":"459","article-title":"Effector activating determinants on IgG","volume":"25","author":"MacLennan","year":"1973","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB24","first-page":"329","article-title":"Immune complex type glomerulonephritis in cirrhosis of the liver","volume":"80","author":"Callard","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB25","first-page":"14","article-title":"Glomerular localization and transport of aggregated proteins in mice","volume":"17","author":"Michael","year":"1967","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107792","article-title":"Measurement of circulating desialylated glycoproteins and correlation with hepatocellular damage","volume":"54","author":"Marshall","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040118-BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90781-3","article-title":"Nature of cryoglobulinemia","volume":"1","author":"Levo","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.1840040118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-198401000-00018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T16:48:10Z","timestamp":1738342090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-198401000-00018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.1840040118","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0270-9139"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,1]]}}}