{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T06:36:30Z","timestamp":1759991790998,"version":"3.30.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":11445,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>The etiology of fulminant viral hepatitis was determined in 65 consecutive cases among 1,814 (3.58%) adults with acute viral hepatitis who were admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital of Athens from May, 1981 to August, 1983. Radioimmunoassays were used to detect hepatitis B virus, hepatitis A virus and \u03b4-agent markers. Enzyme immunoassay was used to detect anti-HBc IgM. Hepatitis B virus was responsible for 48 (73.9%), non-A, non-B for 16 (24.6%) and hepatitis A virus for one case (1.5%). The use of anti-HBc IgM identified 10 cases of fulminant type B hepatitis among HBsAg negative, anti-HBc and anti-HBs positive patients. Fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis was superimposed on 10 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers; \u03b4-agent co-infection was diagnosed in two fulminant type B hepatitis cases. These data show that hepatitis B virus is the major cause of fulminant hepatitis in Greece. HBsAg carriers are at high risk for fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis. \u03b1-agent does not seem to be as important as in Italy and other countries.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,22]],"date-time":"2008-08-22T13:28:13Z","timestamp":1219411693000},"page":"369-372","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Etiology of Fulminant Viral Hepatitis in Greece"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Papaevangelou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolaos","family":"Tassopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Roumeliotou-Karayannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clive","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040304-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90146-4","article-title":"Hepatitis A virus infection in fulminant hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis","volume":"74","author":"Rakela","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040304-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90086-0","article-title":"Immunoglobulin M antibody against hepatitis B core antigen for the diagnosis of fulminant type B hepatitis","volume":"84","author":"Shimizu","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040304-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papaevangelou G, Roumeliotou-Karayannis A, Tassopoulos N, et al. Diagnostic value of anti-HBdgM in high HBV prevalence areas. J Med Virol 1984 (in press).","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890130411"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040304-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112498","article-title":"Prevalence and epidemiologic significance of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in Greece","volume":"106","author":"Papaevangelou","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040304-BIB5","first-page":"525","article-title":"The fulminant hepatic failure surveillance study. Brief review of the effects of presumed etiology and age of survival","volume":"106","author":"Trey","year":"1972","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040304-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890090208","article-title":"Radioimmunoassay detection of IgM antibodies to the HBV-associated delta (\u03b4) antigen. 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