{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:44:39Z","timestamp":1786977879548,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":11384,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Ten infants of less than 6 months of age presented with cholestatic jaundice and gallstones. Jaundice occurred after a lag period, and sepsis was present in three children. Ultrasound examination showed dilatation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts in eight patients and detected cholelithiasis in three. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and\/or surgery allowed separation of the patients into two groups: (i) six children with lithiasis in the distal common bile duct, and (ii) four children with lithiasis associated with bile duct perforation at the junction between the cystic and common bile ducts with gallstones probably secondary to bile stasis and infection. Surgical treatment was confined to removal of calculi and drainage in eight children; biliary reconstructive surgery was necessary in the other two who had serious biliary duct lesions. No recurrence was observed after 1 to 7 years. The pigmentary nature of cholelithiasis was established by stone morphology in all cases, and by bile and stone analysis in several cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,22]],"date-time":"2008-08-22T09:24:44Z","timestamp":1219397084000},"page":"678-683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Pigment Gallstones of the Common Bile Duct in Infancy"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Descos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Brunelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Valayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Feldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Hadchouel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Alagille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(80)80777-9","article-title":"Common bile duct calculi in infants and children","volume":"15","author":"Lilly","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB2","first-page":"403","article-title":"Enzymatische Bestimmung des Gesamt-Cholesterins im Serum","volume":"12","author":"Roeschlau","year":"1974","journal-title":"Z Klin chem Klin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)70226-3","article-title":"Phosphorus assay in column chromatography","volume":"234","author":"Bartlett","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1970.219.3.809","article-title":"Mechanism ofpheno-barbit\u03b11-induced hypercholeresis in the rat","volume":"219","author":"Berthelot","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB5","first-page":"E445","article-title":"Biliary transport of cholephilic dyes: evidence for two different pathways","volume":"232","author":"Mahuy","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33056-2","article-title":"A simple calculation of the lithogenic index of bile: expressing biliary lipid composition on rectangular coordinates (Letter)","volume":"65","author":"Thomas","year":"1973","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107321","article-title":"Cholesterol solubility in bile. Evidence that supersaturated bile is frequent in healthy man","volume":"52","author":"Holzbach","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB8.1","unstructured":"Lieutand. Historia Anatomica Medica, Paris, 1767,"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB8.2","first-page":"795","article-title":"Gallbladder disease in young subjects","volume":"46","author":"Potter","year":"1928","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1952.72930350001009","article-title":"Cholelithiasis and perforation of the gallbladder in an infant, with recovery","volume":"18","author":"Snyder","year":"1952","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB10","first-page":"327","article-title":"Zur Pathogen\u00e4se der Cholelithiasis mit Pankreasbetei-lung im friihen Kindesalter","volume":"102","author":"Krebs","year":"1954","journal-title":"Moratsschr Kinderheilkd"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB11","first-page":"192","article-title":"Spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct in infants","volume":"110","author":"Petterson","year":"1955","journal-title":"Acta Surg Scand"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.30.150.174","article-title":"Bile peritonitis in infancy","volume":"30","author":"Davies","year":"1955","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.32.164.293","article-title":"Aetiology of cholelithiasis in childhood","volume":"32","author":"Walker","year":"1957","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB14","first-page":"734","article-title":"Biliarni Peritonitida: Pozdni Komplikace hemolytickeho onemocneni novorozence","volume":"13","author":"Eisnerova","year":"1958","journal-title":"Cesk Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB15","first-page":"451","article-title":"Die Perforation der Gallenwege in Sa\u00fcglingsalter","volume":"76","author":"Talalak","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch Klin Chir"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB16","first-page":"439","article-title":"Spontaneous perforation of the bile ducts in infancy","volume":"228","author":"Ericsson","year":"1960","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB17","first-page":"331","article-title":"Spont\u00e4ne Gallengangsperforation beim Sa\u00fcgling, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Gallensekretion","volume":"109","author":"Toussaint","year":"1961","journal-title":"Monatsschr Kinderheilk"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196408000-00009","article-title":"Perforation of the biliary tract due to gallstones in infancy. An established clinical entity","volume":"160","author":"Colver","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB19","first-page":"287","article-title":"Choleperitoine et perforation des voies biliaires chez le nourrisson","volume":"7","author":"Borde","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ann Chir Inf"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(66)80336-0","article-title":"Cholelithiasis in the newborn infant in association with congenital toxoplasmosis and hereditary elliptocysosis","volume":"69","author":"Summerell","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800560719","article-title":"Cholecystitis with gallstones in infancy and childhood","volume":"56","author":"Carswell","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.43.2.273","article-title":"Bile-plug syndrome: a correctable cause of obstructive jaundice in infants","volume":"43","author":"Bernstein","year":"1969","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB23","first-page":"115","article-title":"Obstruction choledocienne chez le nourrisson","volume":"14","author":"Beraud","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ann Radiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(71)90468-4","article-title":"Diseases of the gallbladder in infancy and childhood","volume":"6","author":"Hanson","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.50.10.815","article-title":"Cholelithiasis in a neonate","volume":"50","author":"Hughes","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB26","first-page":"203","article-title":"La lithiase biliaire dite primitive de l\u030cenfant. A propos de dix-huit observations","volume":"22","author":"Bertin","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB27","first-page":"153","article-title":"Common duct stones in infancy","volume":"63","author":"Shashikumar","year":"1978","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB28","first-page":"801","article-title":"Le syndrome du bouchon biliaire. Cause rare d\u030cict\u00e8re r\u00e9tentionnel curable du nourrisson","volume":"36","author":"Levy","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Fr P\u00e9diatr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(80)80033-3","article-title":"Cholelithiasis in premature infants treated with parenteral nutrition and furosemide","volume":"97","author":"Whitington","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800670905","article-title":"Spontaneous perforation of the extra-hepatic ducts in neonates and infants","volume":"67","author":"Lloyd","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.71.6.967","article-title":"Cholelithiasis in a 3-weekdd small premature infant","volume":"71","author":"Boyle","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(82)80495-8","article-title":"Cholelithiasis in infants: the role of total parenteral nutrition and gastrointestinal dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Benjamin","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1981.02130260023007","article-title":"Ultrasonography and percutaneous cholangiography in children with dilated bile ducts","volume":"135","author":"Douillet","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.134.1.7350631","article-title":"The failed transhepatic cho-langiogram","volume":"134","author":"Jaques","year":"1980","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.134.3.7355231","article-title":"Ultrasonically guided percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and percutaneous pancreatography","volume":"134","author":"Makuuchi","year":"1980","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB36","first-page":"178","volume-title":"Liver and biliary tract disease in children","author":"Alagille","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(77)80323-5","article-title":"Pigment gallstones","volume":"72","author":"Soloway","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01073011","article-title":"Pigment vs cholesterol cholelithiasis: comparison of stone and bile composition","volume":"19","author":"Trotman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.8.650","article-title":"Possible role of a defect in hepatic bilirubin glucuronidation in the initiation of cholesterol gallstones","volume":"21","author":"Duvaldestin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840040419-BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840020624","article-title":"Pigment gallstone disease: summary of the National Institutes of Health. 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