{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T14:46:16Z","timestamp":1758120376756,"version":"3.30.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":11200,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Female Hartley guinea pigs fed a 0.5% cholesterol\u2013supplemented diet were found to form pigmented gallstones after 6 weeks (17\/23) and 12 weeks (11\/11), while only 2 of 44 animals fed a trace cholesterol diet formed gallstones over a comparable period. The light brown stones consisted primarily of aggregates of fine granular crystals, morphologically similar to calcium bilirubinate crystals. The stones were soluble in 0.1 <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic> sodium hydroxide and were found to contain a substance which co\u2013migrated with unconjugated bilirubin during thin\u2013layer chromatography.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>Despite hypercholesterolemia (202 \u00b1 34 vs. 59 \u00b1 22 mg per dl in controls, p &lt; 0.05) and fatty infiltration of the liver, cholesterol\u2013fed animals had a lithogenic index of only 0.22 \u00b1 0.04 in gallbladder bile as compared to a lithogenic index of 0.02 \u00b1 0.01 in animals fed the trace cholesterol diet. Accordingly, no cholesterol monohydrate crystals were found in any animals. Hematocrits among cholesterol\u2013fed animals (47.6 \u00b1 1.2%) were lower than those of controls (54.8 \u00b1 1.3%, p &lt; 0.05) probably as a result of the cholesterol\u2013induced hemolytic anemia which has been reported by others in this species.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>Fasting gallbladder volume was greater in cholesterol\u2013fed animals (2.4 \u00b1 0.18 ml) than in controls (1.7 \u00b1 0.11, p &lt; 0.0025), and a comparable increase in gallbladder dry tissue mass was found. There was no evidence of biliary obstruction, however, and the gallbladder contractile response to octapeptide cholecystokinin was comparable in both groups. The increase in gallbladder volume appeared to result from: (a) an increase in hepatic bile salt secretion with an associated increase in bile flow and (b) a decrease in the capacity of the gallbladder to absorb fluid from hepatic bile (6.0 \u00b1 1.4 mg fluid per hr per mg tissue with cholesterol diet vs. 12.9 \u00b1 0.9 in controls, p &lt; 0.0005). Total bile salt concentration was also decreased in gallbladder bile of cholesterol\u2013fed animals (13.79 \u00b1 0.51 vs. 18.56 \u00b1 2.19 mmoles per liter in controls, p &lt; 0.05), probably as a result of increased hepatic bile flow and decreased gallbladder absorption. The absence of cholesterol gallstones in this model is consistent with the failure to supersaturate bile with cholesterol. The reasons for pigment gallstone formation are less clear but their occurrence may be the result of a cholesterol\u2013induced hemolytic anemia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T18:03:13Z","timestamp":1172944993000},"page":"21-27","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Pigment Gallstone Formation in the Cholesterol\u2013Fed Guinea Pig"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Wayne W.","family":"Lamorte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica A.","family":"Brotschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thayer E.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lester F.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198006053022302","volume":"302","author":"Sedaghat","year":"1980","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB2","first-page":"412","volume":"28","author":"Gurll","year":"1977","journal-title":"Surg Forum"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB3","first-page":"205","volume":"31","author":"Rosyln","year":"1980","journal-title":"Surg Forum"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(83)80245-5","volume":"85","author":"Doty","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB5","first-page":"e575","volume":"234","author":"Lee","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110209","volume":"67","author":"Lee","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(81)80052-2","volume":"81","author":"Trotman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(83)80086-9","volume":"85","author":"Bernhoft","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterlogy"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1850115","volume":"185","author":"Blanckaert","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1290797","volume":"129","author":"McDonagh","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470110249.ch3","volume":"8","author":"Talalay","year":"1960","journal-title":"Meth Biochem Anal"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105794","volume":"47","author":"Admirand","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)36896-6","volume":"14","author":"Rudel","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)70226-3","volume":"234","author":"Bartlett","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0060607","volume":"6","author":"Mantle","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1962.sp006898","volume":"161","author":"Diamond","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)73656-9","volume":"129","author":"Okey","year":"1939","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(57)80130-9","volume":"32","author":"Juniper","year":"1957","journal-title":"Gastroenterlogy"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109025","volume":"61","author":"Carey","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(71)80149-X","volume":"60","author":"Holzbach","year":"1971","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB21","first-page":"482","volume":"74","author":"Ostrow","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02531810","volume":"8","author":"Ginter","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(77)80081-8","volume":"77","author":"Jenkins","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Com"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19780128","volume":"40","author":"Jenkins","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109793","volume":"65","author":"Trotman","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90136-1","volume":"84","author":"Trotman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB27","first-page":"154","volume":"32","author":"Kuckenbecker","year":"1981","journal-title":"Surg Forum"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.20.3.246","volume":"20","author":"Putz","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21p","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp004865","volume":"119","author":"Jacoby","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196711000-00003","volume":"166","author":"Caldwell","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90029-X","volume":"85","author":"Smith","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01968199","volume":"35","author":"Wosiewitz","year":"1979","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90670-8","volume":"78","author":"Williamson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840050106-BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(83)90163-0","volume":"145","author":"Bickerstaff","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Surg"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.1840050106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-198501000-00005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T11:09:28Z","timestamp":1733051368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-198501000-00005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.1840050106","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0270-9139"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,1]]}}}