{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T11:40:27Z","timestamp":1733053227596,"version":"3.30.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":10715,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>The incorporation of orally administered 1-<jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C-\u03b1-ketoisocaproate into the leucine of proteins in rats was compared with the incorporation of [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]leucine itself administered simultaneously and expressed as a ratio, R. This ratio in whole body protein has been shown to be approximately equal to the nutritional efficiency of \u03b1-ketoisocaproate as a dietary substitute for leucine. In normal rats on a 14% protein diet, R in whole body protein (0.30 \u00b1 0.01) and in the protein of various organs was the same whether the isotopes were given by single injection or 6-hr constant infusion. Thus, both techniques yield the same time-independent parameter, R, which measures the relative efficiency of \u03b1-ketoisocaproate as a substitute for leucine. R varied between organs as follows: liver (0.22 \u00b1 0.01)&lt;kidney&lt;heart&lt;salivary gland&lt;brain&lt;muscle (0.42 \u00b1 0.01). In rats with galactosamine-induced acute liver failure (Group I), carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis (Group II), or portal-systemic shunts (Group III), whole body protein R and R in the protein of organs other than the liver was generally increased compared with controls, as was R in circulating IgG in Group III; R in liver protein was unchanged (Groups II and III) or slightly lower than controls (Group I). Thus, severe liver disease and portal-systemic shunting both increase the utilization of \u03b1-ketoisocaproate for synthesis of protein in the body as a whole and in most organs. In the liver, however, \u03b1-ketoisocaproate utilization for protein synthesis is unaffected or slightly reduced.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T19:58:05Z","timestamp":1172951885000},"page":"472-476","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of experimental liver disease on the utilization for protein synthesis of orally administered \u03b1-ketoisocaproate"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Santiago","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mackenzie","family":"Walser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-93-4-545","volume":"93","author":"Herlong","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.5.362","volume":"23","author":"Morgan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840010403","volume":"1","author":"Marchesini","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)68081-6","volume":"257","author":"Tischler","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)86898-9","volume":"254","author":"Chua","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)33686-X","volume":"257","author":"Poso","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110066","volume":"67","author":"Mitch","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB8","first-page":"96","volume":"34","author":"Cersosimo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Surg Forum"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92643-0","volume":"1","author":"Sapir","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB10","first-page":"e355","volume":"249","author":"Kang","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/105.6.798","volume":"105","author":"Chawla","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB12","first-page":"e473","volume":"238","author":"Matthews","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(81)90208-6","volume":"110","author":"Nissen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80126-1","volume":"83","author":"Proctor","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)81445-X","volume":"242","author":"Chen","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"year":"1986","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB16","unstructured":". Utilization of alpha-ketoisocaproate for synthesis of hepatic export proteins and peripheral proteins in normal and cirrhotic subjects. Gastroenterology 1986 (in press)."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)57021-6","volume":"177","author":"Gornall","year":"1949","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"year":"1986","author":"Kang","key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB19","unstructured":", . Effect of the level of dietary protein on the utilization of alpha-ketoisocaproate for protein synthesis. Am J Clin Nutr 1986 (in press)."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80185-0","volume":"71","author":"Maddrey","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB21","first-page":"77","volume":"80","author":"Fischer","year":"1976","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198303000-00008","volume":"197","author":"McGhee","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1981.tb00883.x","volume":"1","author":"Sato","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0660001","volume":"66","author":"Walser","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030402","volume":"3","author":"Wahren","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198303000-00009","volume":"197","author":"Millikan","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840020405","volume":"2","author":"Marchesini","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/110.8.1709","volume":"110","author":"Hauschildt","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2220711","volume":"222","author":"Patson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2200273","volume":"220","author":"Wagenmakers","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840060325-BIB31","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Metabolism and clinical implications of branched chain amino and ketoacids","author":"Rhead","year":"1981","unstructured":", , The tissue distribution of isovaleryl COA dehydrogenase in the rat. 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