{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:26:52Z","timestamp":1765279612715,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":9923,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Elevated neopterin levels in blood or urine have been shown to be a marker for the activation of cell-mediated immunity <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>. To evaluate whether neopterin levels are elevated in patients with acute viral hepatitis, we measured urinary levels in 13 patients with hepatitis A, 26 with hepatitis B, 12 with non-A, non-B hepatitis, 8 with jaundice and\/or cholestasis due to biliary and pancreatic disorders and 3 with alcoholic hepatitis and in 62 apparently healthy HBsAg carriers. Neopterin levels in patients with virus-induced hepatitis were significantly higher than those in patients with other diagnoses. Urinary neopterin levels were above normal in 49 of 51 patients with viral hepatitis and elevations during the course of hepatitis showed a pattern similar to that of the usual liver biochemical tests, suggesting that neopterin levels were related to the clinical activity of the viral disease. In patients with non-viral biliary and hepatic disorders, neopterin levels were usually normal and did not correlate with other liver biochemical tests. These findings suggest that cell-mediated immune mechanisms are activated during viral hepatitis and that neopterin measurement may be of value as an additional surrogate marker for non-A, non-B hepatitis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T21:24:46Z","timestamp":1172957086000},"page":"771-774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Urinary neopterin levels in acute viral hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Reibnegger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Auhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arno","family":"Hausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"Judmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernst R.","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Wachter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm2.1982.363.1.661","volume":"363","author":"Fuchs","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.3.1047","volume":"130","author":"Huber","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.160.1.310","volume":"160","author":"Huber","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB4","first-page":"1957","volume":"360","author":"Wachter","year":"1979","journal-title":"Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198336060-00013","volume":"36","author":"Margreiter","year":"1983","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198604000-00008","volume":"41","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02715666","volume":"162","author":"Fuchs","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(84)90080-4","volume":"78","author":"Reibnegger","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290902","volume":"26","author":"Reibnegger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748609102081","volume":"15","author":"Hannonen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB11","first-page":"950","volume":"46","author":"Reibnegger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1159\/000472672","volume":"12","author":"Lewenhaupt","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198606000-00010","volume":"41","author":"Woloszczuk","year":"1986","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB14","first-page":"743","volume":"1","author":"Tabor","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB15","first-page":"453","volume-title":"Biochemical and clinical aspects of pteridines","author":"Farci","year":"1985","unstructured":", , et al. Urinary neopterin in acute and chronic liver diseases. In: , , eds. Biochemical and clinical aspects of pteridines. Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany Walter de Gruyter, 1985: 453\u2013460."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)80356-4","volume":"227","author":"Hausen","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Chromatogr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/33.1.62","volume":"33","author":"Werner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB18","first-page":"593","volume":"20","author":"Hausen","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Chem Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB19","first-page":"7","volume":"14","author":"Lieberman","year":"1958","journal-title":"Indust Qual Contr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730491","volume":"18","author":"Mann","year":"1947","journal-title":"Ann Math Statist"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080412-BIB21","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Chemistry and biology of pteridines","author":"Kaufman","year":"1986","unstructured":"The metabolic role of tetrahydrobiopterin. 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