{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:34:40Z","timestamp":1757543680309,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":9923,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>It has been suggested, from studies of a rabbit model of fulminant hepatic failure, that hepatic encephalopathy might be related to an increase in brain \u03b3-aminobutyric acid uptake through a more permeable blood-brain barrier, leading to an overactivity of brain \u03b3-aminobutyric acid-mediated inhibitory neurotrans-mission. Five groups of dogs were studied: normal dogs, dogs with secondary biliary cirrhosis without and with hepatic encephalopathy and portacaval shunted dogs without and with hepatic encephalopathy. Brain \u03b3-aminobutyric acid and sucrose uptake was investigated using the multiple indicator dilution curve technique in unanesthetized dogs. Tracer doses of <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc-labeled albumin (extracellular reference substance), <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H-labeled \u03b3-aminobutyric acid and <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C-labeled sucrose prepared in autologous dog plasma were injected in one carotid artery, and dorsal sagittal sinus dilution curves were obtained. Uptake was calculated by comparing the areas under the <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc-labeled albumin and the [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]\u03b3-aminobutyric acid (or [<jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C]sucrose) curves from appearance to peak height. After killing, brain \u03b3-aminobutyric acid levels were measured in the frontal cortex by high-performance liquid chromatography and glutamic acid decarboxylase activities using a radioenzymatic assay. Brain \u03b3-aminobutyric acid postsynaptic receptors were assessed using [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]muscimol binding studies. There were no significant changes in cirrhotic and shunted dogs with or without hepatic encephalopathy with regard to brain \u03b3-aminobutyric acid and sucrose uptake, brain \u03b3-aminobutyric acid levels and glutamic acid decarboxylase activities. [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]Muscimol binding studies did not show any changes in the number nor in the affinity of postsynaptic \u03b3-aminobutyric acid receptors. Moreover, trypan blue injected in four dogs with hepatic encephalopathy did not induce a staining of the brain. These findings support neither a selective increase in brain \u03b3-aminobutyric acid uptake in hepatic encephalopathy nor a physical breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, brain studies suggest that impaired central \u03b3-aminobutyric acid-ergic function does not play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy in dogs with cirrhosis or portacaval shunts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T21:24:46Z","timestamp":1172957086000},"page":"845-849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic and portacaval shunted dogs: Lack of changes in brain GABA uptake, brain GABA levels, brain glutamic acid decarboxylase activity and brain postsynaptic GABA receptors"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Pomier-Layrargues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger F.","family":"Butterworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.-Michel","family":"Huet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92559-4","volume":"1","author":"Schafer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92020-7","volume":"1","author":"Raabe","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91069-9","volume":"2","author":"Cooper","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(85)80057-X","volume":"1","author":"Zeneroli","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060515","volume":"6","author":"Rzepczynski","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060538","volume":"6","author":"Hoyumpa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030618","volume":"3","author":"Bosch","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB8","first-page":"g163","volume":"241","author":"Huet","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1139\/y74-124","volume":"52","author":"Van Gelder","year":"1974","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB10","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Neuromethods","volume":"4","author":"Lloyd","year":"1986","unstructured":"GABA receptor binding. In: , , eds. Neuromethods, Vol. 4. Clifton, NJ: Humana Press, 1986: 217\u2013249."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070402","volume":"7","author":"Maddison","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1971.221.6.1629","volume":"221","author":"Oldendorf","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90203-2","volume":"84","author":"Horowitz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB14","first-page":"1032","volume":"5","author":"Bassett","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070307","volume":"7","author":"Lo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)31768-8","volume":"73","author":"Livingstone","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040302","volume":"4","author":"Zaki","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB18","first-page":"560","volume":"50","author":"Potvin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1126\/science.663619","volume":"200","author":"James","year":"1978","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1982.tb00028.x","volume":"2","author":"Crinquette","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0710749","volume":"71","author":"Maddison","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1982.tb07893.x","volume":"38","author":"Zeneroli","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4787-3_14","volume-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver failure","author":"Pomier-Layrargues","year":"1984","unstructured":", , et al. Brain gamma aminobutyric acid in acute encephalopathy in dogs following hepatectomy with and without abdominal evisceration. In: , , eds. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver failure. New York: Plenum Publishing Corp., 1984: 127\u2013134."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108651","volume":"69","author":"Hindfelt","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1976.tb00533.x","volume":"6","author":"Record","year":"1976","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1987.tb00949.x","volume":"49","author":"Lavoie","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1981.tb01608.x","volume":"36","author":"Perry","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196612000-00009","volume":"164","author":"Kline","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040624","volume":"4","author":"Jones","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1978.tb12477.x","volume":"34","author":"Spokes","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6280279","volume":"216","author":"Baraldi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB32","first-page":"338","volume-title":"Advances in hepatic encephalopathy and urea cycle diseases","author":"Jones","year":"1984","unstructured":", , et al. Changes in the status of brain receptors for neurotransmitters in a rabbit model of hepatic coma: their potential significance. In: , . et al., eds. Advances in hepatic encephalopathy and urea cycle diseases. Basel: S. Karger, 1984: 338\u2013352."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(85)90020-4","volume":"38","author":"Thompson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840080424-BIB34","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Benzodiazepine\/GABA receptors and chloride channels. Structural and functional properties","author":"Enna","year":"1986","unstructured":". GABA-receptors, an overview. In: . eds. Benzodiazepine\/GABA receptors and chloride channels. Structural and functional properties. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1986: 41\u201356."}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.1840080424","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-198807000-00023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T15:13:00Z","timestamp":1738941180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-198807000-00023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,7]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.1840080424","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0270-9139"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,7]]}}}