{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T09:59:41Z","timestamp":1789379981383,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":9619,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of apparent amiodarone-related hepatic injury in 104 patients followed prospectively is compared to that reported in the literature. Asymptomatic elevation of serum aminotransferase levels was detected in approximately one-fourth of the patients, a figure similar to the average of reported cases. The frequency of extrahepatic organ toxicity was increased in patients with elevated levels. Symptomatic \u201chepatitis\u201d developed in 3% of this series and in less than 1% of cases in the lit\u00e9rature. Evidence of hepatic phospholipidosis and the development of pseudoalcoholic liver injury is most likely due to the biochemical effects of the drug and to possible metabolic idiosyncrasy, respectively. Serial blood enzyme measurements, as recommended by the manufacturer, may offer some protection against the development of more serious liver injury. However, levels of amiodarone may persist in various tissues for weeks to months following withdrawal, and stopping the drug does not guarantee the prompt reversal of any organ toxicity. Accordingly, the risks posed and benefits offered by amiodarone should be carefully weighed prior to discontinuing the drug, as the risk of sudden cardiac death may outweigh the hazards of ongoing hepatic, pulmonary or other toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T23:11:16Z","timestamp":1172963476000},"page":"679-685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":222,"title":["Amiodarone hepatotoxicity: Prevalence and clinicopathologic correlations among 104 patients"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"James H.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Ranard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence K.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florabel","family":"Mullick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal G.","family":"Ishak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard B.","family":"Seeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyman J.","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198702193160807","volume":"316","author":"Mason","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(82)90419-2","volume":"50","author":"Waxman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6386.175","volume":"287","author":"McGovern","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.68.1.88","volume":"68","author":"Fogoros","year":"1983","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.67.6.1347","volume":"67","author":"Haffajee","year":"1983","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(83)90515-5","volume":"52","author":"Morady","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-101-4-462","volume":"101","author":"Rottmensch","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(85)90238-8","volume":"109","author":"Raeder","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB9","first-page":"138","volume":"2","author":"Anastasiou-Nana","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90206-7","volume":"57","author":"Smith","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198109033051002","volume":"305","author":"Heger","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.150.2.6691083","volume":"150","author":"Olson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB13","first-page":"4","volume":"16","year":"1986","journal-title":"FDA Drug Bull"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-97-6-839","volume":"97","author":"Marchlinski","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/87.1.7","volume":"82","author":"Dean","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB16","first-page":"1192","volume":"128","author":"Jirik","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(83)90016-9","volume":"106","author":"Harris","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB18","first-page":"1172","volume":"6","author":"Curran","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6431.1638","volume":"288","author":"Lim","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80206-7","volume":"107","author":"Yagupsky","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB21","first-page":"161","volume":"83","author":"Gilinksy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(83)80338-6","volume":"2","author":"Greene","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.40.4.418","volume":"40","author":"Shepherd","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB24","first-page":"926","volume":"86","author":"Poucell","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-104-3-348","volume":"104","author":"Rigas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(86)80031-9","volume":"3","author":"Babany","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(69)90049-1","volume":"8","author":"Plomteux","year":"1969","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB28","first-page":"151","volume":"62","author":"Groh","year":"1980","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198407193110308","volume":"311","author":"Simon","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB30","first-page":"535","volume":"9","author":"Capron-Chivrac","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(85)80057-3","volume":"88","author":"Varma","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960090512","volume":"9","author":"Lupon-Roses","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1986.tb03304.x","volume":"219","author":"Rumessen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB34","first-page":"81","volume":"44","author":"Adams","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract (Suppl.)"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB35","first-page":"192","volume":"28","author":"Jonckheer","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB36","first-page":"163","volume":"14","author":"Grand","year":"1975","journal-title":"Coeur Med Intern"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108466","volume":"58","author":"Burger","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(86)80023-6","volume":"58","author":"Nademanee","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1159\/000252057","volume":"27. 145","author":"Vos","year":"1972","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1159\/000252058","volume":"145","author":"Matheis","year":"1972","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1984.01650410088022","volume":"120","author":"Miller","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB42","first-page":"675","volume":"153","author":"Toussaint","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bull Soc Belg"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB43","first-page":"96","volume":"17","author":"Chew","year":"1982","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930010259007","volume":"99","author":"D'Amico","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.5.669","volume":"34","author":"Charness","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000115456","volume":"21","author":"Lemaire","year":"1982","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.36.7.785","volume":"36","author":"Storey","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB48","first-page":"185","volume":"19","author":"Singh","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.144.3.541","volume":"144","author":"Goldman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00609891","volume":"14","author":"Staubli","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-57-679-573","volume":"57","author":"Patrick","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(84)90830-5","volume":"107","author":"Shenasa","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(85)90572-7","volume":"56","author":"Markos","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(83)90006-6","volume":"106","author":"Holt","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/10408447509164014","volume":"4","author":"Lullmann","year":"1975","journal-title":"CRC Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB56","first-page":"517","volume":"22","author":"Shikata","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(86)90192-X","volume":"875","author":"Hostetler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(88)90205-6","volume":"959","author":"Hostetler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(84)90270-4","volume":"793","author":"Reasor","year":"1984","journal-title":"A. Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.3.510","volume":"137","author":"Reasor","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00223481","volume":"76","author":"Shaikh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB62","first-page":"391","volume":"66","author":"Heath","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB63","first-page":"582","volume":"3","author":"Butany","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080326","volume":"8","author":"Pirovino","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.41.2.100","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90211-7","volume":"82","author":"Falik","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB67","volume-title":"Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1978."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.25.10.1057","volume":"25","author":"Morgan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1987.tb01758.x","volume":"60","author":"Brosen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1985.tb04953.x","volume":"37","author":"Fruncillo","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB71","first-page":"1337","volume":"88","author":"Lewis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-197701000-00012","volume":"1","author":"Mills","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198202000-00009","volume":"6","author":"Doppman","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-196103000-00010","volume":"241","author":"West","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(61)90093-6","volume":"30","author":"Richman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB76","author":"Wolke","year":"1982","unstructured":", . The liver in congestive heart failure. Primary Cardiol 1982; December: 130\u2013140."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840090504-BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.85.2.284","volume":"85","author":"Joelson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.1840090504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-198905000-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T15:17:14Z","timestamp":1738941434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-198905000-00003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,5]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.1840090504","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,5]]}}}