{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T22:59:03Z","timestamp":1765666743252,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":9435,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Systemic endotoxemia has been observed in patients with acute and chronic liver failure, and bacterial endotoxin is known to increase vascular permeability. We investigated in the normal rat the effects of intraportal endotoxin administration and the possible mediation of these effects by platelet\u2013activating factor. Injection of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (10 and 25 mg per kg) in the rat resulted in rapid ascites formation, as well as systemic hypotension, hemoconcentration and acute erosions of the gastrointestinal mucosa. These effects were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with L652,731 and CF\u20133988, specific platelet\u2013activating factor antagonists. Administration of 25 mg per kg endotoxin also resulted in significant elevations of plateletactivating factor biosynthesis <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic> by samples of duodenum, liver and lung. The effects of endotoxin were mimicked by intraportal infusion of platelet\u2013activating factor (50 ng per kg per min), which induced ascites and gastrointestinal lesions. Platelet\u2013activating factor reduced circulating plasma volume and increased peritoneal permeability to albumin as assessed by the ascites to plasma ratio of labeled albumin. These results, therefore, support a role for platelet\u2013activating factor in mediating endotoxin\u2013induced ascites and gastrointestinal erosions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T22:43:45Z","timestamp":1172961825000},"page":"788-794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Endotoxin\u2013Induced Ascites Formation in the Rat: Partial Mediation by Platelet\u2013Activating Factor"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Guarner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wallace K.","family":"Macnaughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey C.","family":"Ibbotson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Rod\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)92711-1","volume":"1","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.7.556","volume":"18","author":"Clemente","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.20.3.205","volume":"20","author":"Tarao","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB4","first-page":"535","volume-title":"The kidney in liver disease","author":"Liehr","year":"1982","unstructured":". Endotoxin and renal failure in liver disease. In ed. The kidney in liver disease. New York: Elsevie 1982: 535\u2013551."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080207","volume":"8","author":"Lumsden","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1970.219.2.460","volume":"219","author":"Blattberg","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.27.020176.001015","volume":"27","author":"Elin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1964.207.3.518","volume":"207","author":"Chien","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-92-22557","volume":"92","author":"MacLean","year":"1956","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB10","first-page":"267","volume":"18","author":"Fish","year":"1986","journal-title":"Circ Shock"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(85)90427-3","volume":"109","author":"Terashita","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(85)80014-0","volume":"127","author":"Doebber","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/319054a0","volume":"319","author":"Rosam","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1139\/y87-224","volume":"65","author":"Wallace","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112980","volume":"79","author":"Chang","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90438-0","volume":"93","author":"Wallace","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1139\/y88-071","volume":"66","author":"Wallace","year":"1988","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(85)90266-8","volume":"36","author":"Parente","year":"1985","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1987.tb11287.x","volume":"92","author":"Whittle","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(83)90230-X","volume":"30","author":"Radomski","year":"1983","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(86)90156-5","volume":"32","author":"Wallace","year":"1986","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1960.40.2.245","volume":"40","author":"Gilbert","year":"1960","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1962.203.4.600","volume":"203","author":"Hinshaw","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1966.210.6.1401","volume":"210","author":"Chien","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100507-BIB25","first-page":"245","volume-title":"The kidney in liver disease","author":"Levy","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pathophysiology of ascites formation. 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