{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T20:38:29Z","timestamp":1759178309564,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":9405,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Serum levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor were determined in patients with acute viral hepatitis and patients with various chronic liver diseases. In addition, the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis to generate soluble interleukin 2 receptor following mitogenic stimulation was studied <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro.<\/jats:italic> Serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor concentrations in all patients with acute viral hepatitis were found to be significantly elevated (1,319 \u00b1 527 units per ml) during the first week after onset of disease, as compared to healthy control individuals (375 \u00b1 102 units per ml; p &lt; 0.0005) and declined toward normal levels during the course of the illness. Similarly, patients suffering from chronic liver disease such as alcoholic liver cirrhosis (1,172 \u00b1 507 units per ml), primary biliary cirrhosis (619 \u00b1 190 units per ml) or chronic active HBsAg+ hepatitis (941 \u00b1 357 units per ml) showed increased serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor concentrations (p &lt; 0.0005 vs. controls, respectively). <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic> mitogen stimulation of peripheral mononuclear cells derived from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis resulted in a soluble interleukin 2 receptor production not different from that seen in healthy individuals, suggesting that elevated soluble interleukin 2 receptor production not different from that seen in healthy individuals, suggesting that elevated soluble interleukin 2 receptor serum levels seen in this disease are not the result of an increased synthesis by circulating lymphocytes. Due to the ability of soluble interleukin 2 receptor to bind free interleukin 2\u2014thus making it a potential immunoregulatory molecule\u2014its high serum levels could explain some of the immunologic abnormalities observed in acute and chronic liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840100606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T22:42:59Z","timestamp":1172961779000},"page":"928-932","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor in Acute Viral Hepatitis and Chronic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Knoflach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph C.","family":"Zielinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100606-BIB1","first-page":"749","volume":"8","author":"Hsu","year":"1971","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100606-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(81)90013-5","volume":"80","author":"Kawanishi","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100606-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01072535","volume":"19","author":"Berenyi","year":"1974","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100606-BIB4","first-page":"361","volume":"45","author":"Serdengecti","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100606-BIB5","first-page":"17","volume":"20","author":"Newble","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100606-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840020203","volume":"2","author":"Thomas","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840100606-BIB7","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Viral hepatitis and liver disease","author":"Dienstag","year":"1984","unstructured":"Immunologic mechanisms in chronic viral hepatitis. 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