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In this study, we demonstrate that tumor necrosis factor\u2013\u03b1 stimulates human immunodeficiency virus\u20131 long terminal repeat\u2013promoted gene expression in the human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cell line and increased binding of trans\u2013activating factors to kappa B (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                                    k\n                                 <\/jats:italic>B) DNA sequences. In contrast to lymphocytic cells where the nuclear factors recognizing the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                                    k\n                                 <\/jats:italic>B sequences are activated by both tumor necrosis factor\u2013\u03b1 and phorbol\u201312\u2013myristate\u201313\u2013acetate through a posttranslational mechanism, in HepG2 cells phorbol\u201312\u2013myristate\u201313\u2013acetate does not activate these factor(s), and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">de novo<\/jats:italic> protein synthesis seems to be required in HepG2 cells for gene activation by tumor necrosis factor\u2013\u03b1.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840100620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T22:42:59Z","timestamp":1172961779000},"page":"1008-1013","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Tumor Necrosis Factor\u2013\u03b1 Induces A K B Sequence\u2013Specific Dna\u2013Binding Protein in Human Hepatoblastoma Hepg2 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