{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T01:09:52Z","timestamp":1768439392915,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":9315,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>To evaluate the role of plasma des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, we simultaneously studied both des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin activities by staphylocoagulase method and des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin antigen levels by enzyme immunoassay in 39 patients with early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (tumor size &lt;3 cm in 21 patients, 3 to 5 cm in 18 patients); 68 patients had large hepatocellular carcinoma and 54 patients had chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. Des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin levels by staphylocoagulase method (X) and enzyme immunoassay method (Y) on the same plasma specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma patients showed a linear correlation (Y = 0.15X \u2013 10.5, r = 0.533, n = 67, p &lt; 0.001). Elevated des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin activities were present in 10 of 21 patients (47.6%) with hepatocellular carcinoma &lt;3 cm, 66.7% of 18 with hepatocellular carcinoma 3 to 5 cm, 67.6% of 68 with hepatocellular carcinomas &gt;5 cm and 27.8% of 54 with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. The plasma des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin levels did not correlate with the tumor size or serum \u03b1\u2013fetoprotein levels. Plasma des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin and serum \u03b1\u2013fetoprotein measurements were comparable in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma because 22 (56.4%) and 21 (53.8%) of 39 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma &lt;5 cm had increased des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin and \u03b1\u2013fetoprotein levels, respectively. Up to 77% had an abnormal elevation in either marker. The des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin antigen levels by enzyme immunoassay method are more specific to hepatocellular carcinoma than des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin activities by the staphylocoagulase method: the positive rates of elevated des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin antigen levels in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma &lt;3 cm, 3 to 5 cm, &gt;5 cm and chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis were 19.0%, 55.6%, 66.2% and 14.8%, respectively. We conclude that des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin assay may serve as a complementary tool in the diagnosis and follow\u2013up of hepatocellular carcinoma and is particularly useful in patients with normal or low \u03b1\u2013fetoprotein levels. Because of higher specificity to hepatocellular carcinoma and less tedious assay procedures, the enzyme immunoassay method is more practical than the staphylocoagulase method in the measurement of des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin. For early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma, measurement of plasma des\u2013\u03b3\u2013carboxyprothrombin levels only is not sensitive enough. (Hepatology 1990;11:481-488.)<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T23:16:36Z","timestamp":1172963796000},"page":"481-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Plasma Des\u2013\u03b3\u2013Carboxyprothrombin in the Early Stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sun-Lung","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guan-Tarn","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Ming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Chuan","family":"Sheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juei-Low","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ding-Shinn","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-68349-0_16","volume-title":"Neoplasms of the liver","author":"Okuda","year":"1987","unstructured":". Small hepatocellular carcinoma. In: , eds. Neoplasms of the liver. Tokyo: Springer-Verlag, 1987: 215\u2013226."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060432","volume":"6","author":"Okuda","year":"1986","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB3","first-page":"729","volume":"108","author":"Hoofnagle","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB4","first-page":"287","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ital J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-68349-0_17","volume-title":"Neoplasms of the liver","author":"Sawabu","year":"1987","unstructured":". Serological markers in hepatocellular carcinoma. In: , eds. Neoplasms of the liver. Tokyo: Springer-Verlag, 1987: 227\u2013237."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197708)40:2<779::AID-CNCR2820400227>3.0.CO;2-Y","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(84)80151-1","volume":"86","author":"Chen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405313102204","volume":"310","author":"Liebman","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB9","first-page":"201","volume":"33","author":"Fujijama","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB10","first-page":"63","volume":"22","author":"Kodama","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tumor Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(87)80546-9","volume":"4","author":"Okuda","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB12","first-page":"207","volume":"3","author":"Hattori","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Tumor Marker Oncol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880415)61:8<1621::AID-CNCR2820610820>3.0.CO;2-C","volume":"61","author":"Fujiyama","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB14","first-page":"1386","volume":"83","author":"Tanabe","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Gasteroenterol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(86)80025-7","volume":"91","author":"Soulier","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB16","first-page":"s83","volume":"7","author":"Vargas","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB17","first-page":"s93","volume":"7","author":"Beaugrand","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850801)56:3<660::AID-CNCR2820560338>3.0.CO;2-F","volume":"56","author":"Sheu","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1657025","volume":"42","author":"Bertina","year":"1979","journal-title":"Thrombos Haemostas"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198519040-00008","volume":"19","author":"Motohara","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB21","first-page":"479","volume":"18","author":"Naraki","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80081-4","volume":"83","author":"Chen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1989.tb00802.x","volume":"4","author":"King","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.04.070184.001433","volume":"4","author":"Olson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840110321-BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V69.3.850.850","volume":"69","author":"Shah","year":"1987","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.1840110321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-199003000-00020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T20:36:46Z","timestamp":1742848606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-199003000-00020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.1840110321","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,3]]}}}