{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:32:07Z","timestamp":1788564727282,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":9193,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>The <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ<\/jats:italic> distribution patterns of intercellular adhesion molecule\u20131 and human leukocyte antigen\u2013DR antigens were studied in serial sections of 61 liver biopsy specimens from patients with hepatitis B virus infection using immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, the topographical relationship between the display of HBcAg on one hand and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule\u20131 by hepatocytes on the other was analyzed with a double\u2013staining immunohistochemical procedure in 14 selected liver biopsy samples showing chronic persistent or chronic active hepatitis and signs of active hepatitis B virus replication as reflected by the presence of variable amounts of HBcAg in a nuclear or cytoplasmic pattern of immunoreactivity.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>Coexpression of intercellular adhesion molecule\u20131 and human leukocyte antigen\u2013DR antigens by hepatocytes correlated positively with the site and extent of the inflammatory infiltrate, which was composed of lymphocytes expressing lymphocyte function-associated antigen\u20131. In healthy HBsAg\u2013positive carriers without inflammatory liver disease, no intercellular adhesion molecule\u20131 or human leukocyte antigen\u2013DR expression was found on hepatocytes; in acute hepatitis, intercellular adhesion molecule\u20131 and human leukocyte antigen\u2013DR were strongly expressed throughout the liver parenchyma on liver cell membranes and on sinusoidal lining cells. In chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis and in active cirrhosis, intercellular adhesion molecule\u20131 and human leukocyte antigen\u2013DR showed membranous positivity on focal clusters of hepatocytes in areas of periportal or intraacinar inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>Double\u2013staining for HBcAg and intercellular adhesion molecule\u20131 revealed variable numbers of HBcAg\u2013positive hepatocytes expressing intercellular adhesion molecule\u20131 on their cell membranes; these cells may represent the \u201ccytotoxic\u201d model, in which cell\u2013cell interactions between lymphocyte function-associated antigen\u20131-positive lymphocytes and hepatitis B virus-infected hepatocytes are facilitated. Furthermore, intercellular adhesion molecule\u20131-positive hepatocytes lacking HBcAg were found in areas of inflammation, indicating that the virus itself does not directly trigger intercellular adhesion molecule\u20131 expression. These intercellular adhesion molecule\u20131-positive, HBcAg\u2013negative liver cells might \u201cguide\u201d lymphocytes through the parenchyma toward virally infected target cells. Finally, in many cases, variable numbers of HBcAg\u2013positive liver cells lacked membranous intercellular adhesion molecule\u20131 expression; these cells may represent the \u201ctolerogenic\u201d model, in which incomplete clearance of virally infected hepatocytes adds to the chronic nature of hepatitis B virus infection. (Hepatology 1990;12:148-154).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T23:27:00Z","timestamp":1172964420000},"page":"148-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Hepatic Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule\u20131 (Icam\u20131) in Viral Hepatitis B"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Volpes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joost J.","family":"van den Oord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeer J.","family":"Desmet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116s","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840020610","volume":"2","author":"Thomas","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(88)80503-8","volume":"7","author":"Ferrari","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6165083","volume":"212","author":"Benacerraf","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.05.040187.001255","volume":"5","author":"Springer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.4.1037","volume":"139","author":"Shaw","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.137.1.245","volume":"137","author":"Dustin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90104-8","volume":"51","author":"Marlin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70073-6","volume":"20","author":"Griffiths","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.4.1323","volume":"167","author":"Dustin","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-202X(89)90193-0","volume":"92","author":"Singer","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/anr.1780320105","volume":"32","author":"Hale","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00197187","volume":"11","author":"Haynes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Springer Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120110","volume":"12","author":"Volpes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb07759.x","volume":"120","author":"Griffiths","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840060529","volume":"6","author":"Van den Oord","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.129.6.2773","volume":"129","author":"Mondelli","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(82)90007-5","volume":"82","author":"Trevisan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB18","first-page":"122s","volume":"2","author":"Eddleston","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/331086a0","volume":"331","author":"Makgoba","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120123-BIB20","first-page":"576","volume-title":"Leucocyte typing. 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