{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:03:52Z","timestamp":1770822232063,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":9131,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>In the United States, a large percentage of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are serologically negative for hepatitis B. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C antibody in the sera of 59 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were HBsAg-negative and had no evidence of alcoholic liver disease, primary biiary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, hemochromatosis or \u03b1<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-antitrypsin deficiency. Twenty patients (34%) were hepatitis C antibody-positive and hepatitis B core antibody-negative. All twenty patients had underlying cirrhosis, and seven (35%) had histories of transfusions. Eleven (19%) additional patients were also hepatitis C antibody-positive but were hepatitis B core antibody-positive as well. Twenty-one (36%) patients were both hepatitis C antibody- and hepatitis B core antibody-negative and seven (12%) were hepatitis C antibody-negative but hepatitis B core antibody-positive.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of hepatitis C antibody was also determined among three other population groups serving as controls and found to be 14% in 28 HbsAg-positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 44% in 76 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis and 0.5% in 200 consecutive volunteer blood donors.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>We conclude that hepatitis C antibody is prevalent among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and may therefore be a common causative agent of this disease. A significant number of patients with and without cirrhosis, negative for hepatitis C antibody and hepatitis B core antibody, remain without a discernible cause for this malignancy. Perhaps a second-or third-generation test will detect hepatitis C antibody in some of these patients. (Hepatology 1990;12:589-591).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T23:35:23Z","timestamp":1172964923000},"page":"589-591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":189,"title":["Hepatitis C-associated hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fuad","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lennox J.","family":"Jeffers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"De Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajender K.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Talley","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene R.","family":"Schiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Houghton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quilim","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01317042","volume":"28","author":"Resnick","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB2","first-page":"777","volume":"79","author":"Kiyosawa","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-101-6-794","volume":"101","author":"Gilliam","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296671","volume":"32","author":"Cohen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19841015)54:8<1747::AID-CNCR2820540846>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"54","author":"The Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB6","first-page":"4967","volume":"47","author":"Okuda","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB7","first-page":"113","volume":"2","author":"Okuda","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB8","first-page":"117","volume":"2","author":"Iwama","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2523562","volume":"244","author":"Choo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2496467","volume":"244","author":"Kuo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB11","first-page":"163","volume":"62","author":"Parkin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bull WORLD Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910160304","volume":"16","author":"Prince","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB13","first-page":"5246","volume":"42","author":"Lam","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB14","first-page":"962","volume":"46","author":"Austin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840120323-BIB15","first-page":"1120","volume-title":"Diseases of the liver","author":"Edmonson","year":"1987","unstructured":". Neoplasms of the liver. In: , eds. Diseases of the liver. Philadelphia: J.B. 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