{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:06:11Z","timestamp":1790874371114,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":8828,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>To assess possible role of testing for IgM-specific antibody in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with hepatitis C, we tested sera from 14 patients with acute and 97 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis for IgG and IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus. IgG antibody to hepatitis C virus was detected in 93% of acute cases and 91% of chronic cases. Of the 101 patients with IgG antibody to hepatitis C virus, 57% had IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus. None of the 20 healthy subjects or 40 patients with acute or chronic hepatitis A or hepatitis B had IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus. At the onset of clinical symptoms in acute hepatitis C, IgG antibody to hepatitis C virus was detected in 8 (57%) and IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus in 9 of 14 patients (64%). Eventually, both IgG and IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus became detectable in 13 of 14 patients with acute hepatitis C. Seven patients with antibody to hepatitis C virus resolved the acute infection within 6 mo and all seven cleared IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus, whereas two cleared IgG antibody to hepatitis C virus. Six patients had a chronic outcome of the acute infection and IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus persisted in detectable amounts for more than 6 mo in all (mean = 15.5 mo). Among 88 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis with IgG antibody to hepatitis C virus, IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus was detected in 45(51%). Twenty-four chronic cases were followed for at least 1 yr: IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus was detected in 13 (54%) at baseline and 8 of these remained positive for at least 1 yr. Patients who lost IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus did not have remission of disease activity. In summary, IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus persists after acute infection in patients who contract chronic hepatitis C; therefore, testing for this antibody may be useful in early identification of patients for antiviral therapy. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:38-43.)<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,3]],"date-time":"2007-03-03T23:59:55Z","timestamp":1172966395000},"page":"38-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus in acute and chronic hepatitis C"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"Quiroga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Luz","family":"Campillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Catillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Bartolom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Porres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Carre\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90336-0","volume":"85","author":"Dienstag","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2523562","volume":"244","author":"Choo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2496467","volume":"244","author":"Kuo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198911303212202","volume":"321","author":"Alter","year":"1989","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB5","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Viral hepatitis: 1981 international symposium","author":"Alter","year":"1982","unstructured":", , . Non-A, non-B hepatitis: its relationship to cytomegalovirus, to chronic hepatitis and to direct and indirect test methods. In: , , eds. Viral hepatitis: 1981 international symposium. Philadelphia: Franklin Institute Press, 1982: 279\u2013294."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB6","first-page":"914","volume":"2","author":"Review by an international group","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890090109","volume":"9","author":"Berninger","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB8","author":"Houghton","unstructured":", . European patent application no. 0318216"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB9","first-page":"288","volume-title":"Antibodies: a laboratory manual","author":"Harlow","year":"1988","unstructured":". Antibodies: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1988: 288\u2013308."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080413","volume":"8","author":"Ibarra","year":"1988","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400042674","volume":"73","author":"Caul","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01315598","volume":"30","author":"Hoofnagle","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90323-3","volume":"89","author":"Sj\u00f6gren","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370110065022","volume":"255","author":"Farci","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.24.2.288-293.1986","volume":"24","author":"Gerlich","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90134-Q","volume":"335","author":"Weimer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91042-9","volume":"335","author":"Kaneko","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840140107-BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90855-6","volume":"2","author":"Sansonno","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.1840140107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-199107000-00006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T11:00:15Z","timestamp":1733050815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-199107000-00006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.1840140107","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]}}}