{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T10:17:11Z","timestamp":1770718631001,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":8400,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]},"abstract":"\n \n The leucocyte adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is induced on bile ducts in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis and may be involved in targeting immune damage to these structures. It has recently been reported that, when activated, in vitro<\/jats:italic> lymphocytes release a soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 that can also be detected in human serum. Because it is functionally active, this circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 might play a role in regulating inflammation by blocking adhesion. We used an enzyme\u2013linked immunosorbent assay to detect circulating intercellular adhesion molecule\u20131 in the serum of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Levels of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were markedly elevated in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis when compared with other chronic liver diseases. Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is probably derived from activated lymphocytes rather than from bile ducts because biliary epithelial cells from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis did not release circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 when stimulated to express the membrane\u2013bound molecule in vitro<\/jats:italic>. These studies are the first to demonstrate circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in chronic inflammatory diseases that are characterized by strong tissue expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and as such suggest a potential immunoregulatory role for circulating adhesion molecules. The very high levels detected in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis probably reflect lymphocyte activation, which is further evidence of immune pathogeneses for these diseases. 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Detection of circulating ICAM-1 after liver transplantation: evidence for local release within the liver during liver allograft rejection [in press]. 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