{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T14:45:32Z","timestamp":1758638732604,"version":"3.30.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":8309,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Calcium salts are often present in the center of all types of gallstones. Matrix proteins are known to be essential for biomineralization and may therefore also be important in the formation and growth of gallstones. Other researchers have described an anionic peptide fraction of a biliary lipoprotein complex in bile and a low\u2014molecular weight acidic glycoprotein present in gallstones. Our goal was to determine whether such a protein was present in bile and whether this protein has any calcium\u2013binding properties. We identified a pigment\u2013associated, highly acidic protein that precipitates from bile on addition of CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> 0.5 mol\/L. In addition, the protein is selectively concentrated in cholesterol and pigment stones. We have, therefore, confirmed the findings of these other researchers, and we have extended the study of this protein's interactions with calcium. Sodium dodecylsulfate\u2014polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrates a single band (molecular weight \u2264 14 kD) that reacts positively with cationic stains. The protein was shown to inhibit the precipitation of CaCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> from a supersaturated solution. The capacity to bind calcium was further confirmed by autoradiography with <jats:sup>45<\/jats:sup>Ca<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup> and by a membrane adsorption\u2014binding assay. Calcium\u2013induced aggregation was demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis and by quasielastic light scattering studies. Protein measured by Lowry's assay method and amino acid analysis constitutes only 2% to 4% of the harvested material. We speculate that a substantial lipid component may also be present. The presence of this material in bile, its ability to bind pigment and calcium, its presumed lipid content, its self\u2013aggregation in the presence of calcium and its selective incorporation into gallstones suggest that it may play a functional role in the pathogenesis of gallstones.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,4]],"date-time":"2007-03-04T01:21:08Z","timestamp":1172971268000},"page":"1315-1321","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Calcium\u2013Binding Protein in Bile and Gallstones"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Kestell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Sekijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sum P.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han Z.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric W.","family":"Kaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840160602-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(79)80224-3","volume":"76","author":"Been","year":"1979","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840160602-BIB2","first-page":"375","volume":"110","author":"Palmer","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840160602-BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228s","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040842","volume":"4","author":"Moore","year":"1984","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840160602-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02408072","volume":"29","author":"Weiner","year":"1979","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue I"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840160602-BIB5","first-page":"329","volume-title":"Extracellular matrix biochemistry","author":"Veis","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bones and teeth. In: , eds. Extracellular matrix biochemistry. New York: Elsevier North Holland, 1984; 329\u2013374."},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840160602-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345790580092001","volume":"58","author":"Kuboki","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840160602-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm2.1984.365.1.549","volume":"365","author":"Lohse","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hoppe-Seylers Z Physiol Chem"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840160602-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2220669","volume":"222","author":"DeCaro","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840160602-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112216","volume":"76","author":"Gross","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840160602-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f243","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1991.260.4.C745","volume":"260","author":"Nakagawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"year":"1990","author":"Sekijima","key":"10.1002\/hep.1840160602-BIB11","unstructured":", . 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