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Using fusion assay based on the transfer of water soluble probe, we have demonstrated the existence of aqueous connection between F-virosomes and target cells. Target specificity of the F-virosomes was ensured by the strong interaction between terminal \u03b2-galactose moiety of F protein and the asialoglycoprotein receptor on the membrane of HepG2 cells. Incubation of the loaded F-virosomes with cells resulted in fusion-mediated injection, as inferred from the ability of cells to internalize lysozyme in the presence of azide (an inhibitor of the endocytotic process). Binding as well as fusion of the F-virosomes to HepG2 cells was solely mediated by the F protein. Introduction of <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I-lysozyme into the HepG2 cells was confirmed by selective accumulation of acid and anti-body-precipitable radioactivity in the cytosolic compartment. The structural integrity of the internalized lysozyme was also assessed. The potential usefulness of F-virosomes with defined specificities as biological carrier for both <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic> cytosolic delivery of macromolecules and drugs has been established.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,10]],"date-time":"2007-03-10T18:33:58Z","timestamp":1173551638000},"page":"1640-1642","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dodging cellular customs: Smuggling macromolecules into hepatocytes"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Soumit K.","family":"Basu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayanta Roy","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/hep.1840200640-BIB1","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Liver diseases: targeted diagnosis and therapy using specific receptors and ligands","author":"Ghosh","year":"1991","unstructured":". 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