{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:14:17Z","timestamp":1790252057212,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":4170,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Variable immune responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and recombinant HBV vaccines have been associated with polymorphisms in several genes within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. Analyses of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genotyping data from 164 North American adolescents vaccinated with recombinant HBV products confirmed that <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">HLA-DRB1*07<\/jats:italic> (relative odds [RO] = 5.18, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .0001) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection (RO = 3.91, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) were both associated with nonresponse to full-dose vaccination. Further associations were observed with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IL2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IL4<\/jats:italic> loci along with insertion\/deletion variants at the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IL12B<\/jats:italic> locus (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = .003-.01). Host genetic associations were independent of one another as well as other <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">HLA<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">DQB1<\/jats:italic>) and cytokine gene (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IL4R, IL6, IL10<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TNF<\/jats:italic>) variants. Statistical adjustments for nongenetic factors (gender, ethnicity, age, HIV-1 infection, and vaccination protocols) did not substantially alter the strengths of the genetic relationships. The overall distribution pattern of genetic variations was similar between the analyzed vaccinees and additional adolescents (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic> = 292) from the same cohort. In conclusion, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">DRB1*07<\/jats:italic> (or a closely linked allele) and immunoregulatory cytokine gene polymorphisms correlate with variable immune response to recombinant HBV vaccines. (Hepatology 2004;39:978-988.)<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,26]],"date-time":"2004-03-26T08:02:14Z","timestamp":1080288134000},"page":"978-988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":157,"title":["HLA and cytokine gene polymorphisms are independently associated with responses to hepatitis B vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Chengbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Lobashevsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Kaslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-17-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199712113372406","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection.","volume":"337","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R2-17-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701303360507","article-title":"The treatment of chronic viral hepatitis.","volume":"336","author":"Hoofnagle","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R3-17-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199706263362602","article-title":"Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. 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