{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T20:20:23Z","timestamp":1790367623775,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":3591,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                           <jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                        <\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n                                 <jats:bold>Large spontaneous portal-systemic shunts have been occasionally described in patients with cirrhosis. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of portal-systemic shunts in patients with cirrhosis with recurrent or persistent hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as compared with patients with cirrhosis without HE. Fourteen patients with cirrhosis with recurrent or persistent HE (cases) and 14 patients with cirrhosis without previous or present signs of overt HE matching for age and degree of liver failure (controls) were studied. Each patient underwent neurological assessment and cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to exclude organic neurological pathological conditions. HE evaluation included psychometric performance (Trail-Making Test A), electroencephalogram (EEG), mental status examination and grading, arterial, venous, and partial pressure of ammonia determination. The presence of portal-systemic shunts was assessed by portal venous phase multidetector-row spiral computed tomography (CT). Large spontaneous portal-systemic shunts were detected in 10 patients with HE and in only 2 patients without HE (71% vs. 14%; chi square = 9.16;<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    df\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>= 1.0;<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>= .002). The patients with HE presented ascites (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>= .002) and medium\/large esophageal varices (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>= .02) less frequently than the control group.<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:underline>In conclusion<\/jats:underline>\n                                 <jats:bold>, our study suggests that large spontaneous shunts may often sustain the chronicity of HE; the presence of large shunts should be sought in patients with cirrhosis with recurrent or persistent HE. (Hepatology 2005;42:1158\u20131165.)<\/jats:bold>\n                              <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,26]],"date-time":"2005-10-26T00:46:50Z","timestamp":1130287610000},"page":"1158-1165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["High Prevalence of Spontaneous Portal-Systemic Shunts in Persistent Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Case-Control Study *"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Oliviero","family":"Riggio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Efrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Pediconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriano","family":"Mecarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neri","family":"Accornero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Nicolao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Angeloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Masini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Ridola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo F.","family":"Attili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Merli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-22-20250207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02283.x","article-title":"Portalsystemic encephalopathy in noncirrhotic patients: classification of clinical types, diagnosis and treatment.","volume":"15","author":"Watanabe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R3-22-20250207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011606326934","article-title":"Review: surgical shunts and encephalopathy.","volume":"16","author":"Klempnaue","year":"2001","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"R4-22-20250207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(81)90294-4","article-title":"Reversal of hepatic encephalopathy after occlusion of total portosystemic shunts.","volume":"142","author":"Hanna","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"R5-22-20250207","first-page":"46","article-title":"Portosystemic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: results of a prospective controlled study.","volume":"20","author":"Sanjal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R6-22-20250207","first-page":"549","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: incidence and risk factors.","volume":"90","author":"Somberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R7-22-20250207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02282344","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. 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