{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:18:52Z","timestamp":1790893132320,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":3226,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n                                 <jats:bold>Pruritus is defined as the second order of nociception, the first being pain; thus, there is a rationale to study gabapentin, a drug that increases the threshold to experience nociception. The aim of this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was to study the effect of gabapentin on the perception of pruritus and its behavioral manifestation, scratching, in cholestasis. The participants were 16 women with chronic liver disease and chronic pruritus. Hourly scratching activity (HSA) was continuously recorded for up to 48 hours at baseline and on treatment for at least 4 weeks in an inpatient setting. The perception of pruritus was assessed by interviews and by a visual analog score (VAS) of pruritus recorded every hour while patients were awake. Patients were randomized to the study drug (gabapentin or placebo) at a starting dose of 300 mg orally per day in divided doses to a maximum of 2,400 mg or until relief from pruritus. Gabapentin was associated with an increase in mean HSA, in contrast to the placebo, which was associated with a decrease. The mean VAS decreased significantly among those taking the placebo and in some patients on gabapentin.<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    In conclusion\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>, gabapentin did not provide a significant therapeutic advantage over the placebo; in fact, it was associated with an increase in the perception of pruritus and in HSA in some patients.<\/jats:bold>\n                              <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,20]],"date-time":"2006-10-20T19:19:45Z","timestamp":1161371985000},"page":"1317-1323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Gabapentin in patients with the pruritus of cholestasis: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Nora V.","family":"Bergasa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monnie","family":"McGee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iona H.","family":"Ginsburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Engler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10031006","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290450","article-title":"The pruritus of cholestasis.","volume":"29","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R2-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10781088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.09.004","article-title":"The pruritus of cholestasis.","volume":"43","author":"Bergasa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R4-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4886(03)00097-9","article-title":"Gabapentin reverses mechanical allodynia induced by sciatic nerve ischemia and formalininduced nociception in mice.","volume":"182","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"R5-27-20241201","first-page":"159170","article-title":"Pharmacological characterisation of the rat brachial plexus avulsion model of neuropathic pain.","volume":"1018","author":"RodriguesFilho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"R6-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.1999.tb00890.x","article-title":"Gabapentin treatment for brachioradial pruritus.","volume":"13","author":"Bueller","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R7-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5662","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression.","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr"},{"key":"R8-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630636","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820080038006","article-title":"The Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIIIR (SCID). 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Multisite testretest reliability.","volume":"49","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R9-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544549","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90102-5","article-title":"A controlled trial of naloxone infusions for the pruritus of chronic cholestasis.","volume":"102","author":"Bergasa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R10-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679684","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270307","article-title":"Open label trial of oral nalmefene therapy for the pruritus of cholestasis.","volume":"27","author":"Bergasa","year":"1998","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R11-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161167","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-3-199508010-00001","article-title":"Naloxone ameliorates the pruritus of cholestasis: results of a doubleblind randomized placebocontrolled trial.","volume":"123","author":"Bergasa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R12-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70117-9","article-title":"Oral nalmefene therapy reduces scratching activity due to the pruritus of cholestasis: a controlled study.","volume":"41","author":"Bergasa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R13-27-20241201","first-page":"400403","article-title":"Application of piezo film technology for the quantitative assessment of pruritus.","volume":"25","author":"Talbot","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biomed Instrum Technol"},{"key":"R16-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328338","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2004.0053","article-title":"The placebo response: its putative role as a functional salutogenic mechanism of the central nervous system.","volume":"47","author":"Kradin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Perspect Biol Med"},{"key":"R17-27-20241201","first-page":"11641166","article-title":"Expectation and dopamine release: mechanism of the placebo effect in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"293","author":"de la FuenteFernandez R, Ruth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R18-27-20241201","first-page":"10221023","article-title":"Pilot study of the use of naltrexone to treat the severe pruritus of cholestatic liver disease.","volume":"91","author":"Carson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R19-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12641269","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9322521","article-title":"Oral naltrexone treatment for cholestatic pruritus: a doubleblind, placebocontrolled study.","volume":"113","author":"Wolfhagen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R20-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13931394","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200111000-00022","article-title":"Liver transplantation for intractable pruritus is contraindicated before an adequate trial of opiate antagonist therapy.","volume":"13","author":"Neuberger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R21-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717722","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00318-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral naltrexone treatment for pruritus of cholestasis, a crossover, double blind, placebocontrolled study.","volume":"37","author":"Terg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R22-27-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638641","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200003000-00025","article-title":"The inhibition of epidural morphineinduced pruritus by epidural droperidol.","volume":"90","author":"Horta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R23-27-20241201","first-page":"312317","article-title":"Inhibition of epidural morphineinduced pruritus by intravenous droperidol. 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