{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T21:48:44Z","timestamp":1778276924053,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":3196,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n                                 <jats:bold>Several experimental models of cirrhosis have shown dysregulation of renal aquaporins in different phases of liver disease. We investigated the urinary excretion of both aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-2 in patients with cirrhosis at different stages of the disease. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected from 11 healthy volunteers, 13 patients with compensated cirrhosis (without ascites), and 20 patients with decompensated cirrhosis (11 with ascites without renal failure and 9 with hepatorenal syndrome). Aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-2 excretion was analyzed by immunoblotting. Urinary aquaporin-2 excretion was reduced in patients with cirrhosis compared to healthy subjects. A progressive decrease in urinary aquaporin-2 excretion was observed as the severity of cirrhosis increased, from compensated cirrhosis to cirrhosis with ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. Patients with hyponatremia had lower urinary aquaporin-2 excretion than patients without hyponatremia. Vasopressin plasma level did not correlate with aquaporin-2 excretion. There were no differences between healthy subjects and patients with cirrhosis with or without ascites in urinary excretion of aquaporin-1, but urinary aquaporin-1 excretion of those with hepatorenal syndrome was extremely low.<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    In conclusion\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>, patients with cirrhosis appear to exhibit a decreased abundance of renal aquaporin-2 and therefore lower water permeability in the collecting tubules. This may represent an adaptive renal response to sodium retention, with expansion of extracellular fluid volume and dilutional hyponatremia observed in those who have cirrhosis with ascites. Finally, aquaporin-1 does not appear to play a role in the progressive dysregulation of extracellular fluid volume in cirrhosis.<\/jats:bold>\n                              <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,28]],"date-time":"2006-11-28T21:14:14Z","timestamp":1164748454000},"page":"1555-1563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-2 urinary excretion in cirrhosis: Relationship with ascites and hepatorenal syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Esteva-Font","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria E.","family":"Baccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Llama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laia","family":"Sans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Ars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wladimiro","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose A.","family":"Ballar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Gin\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-26-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)01083-4","article-title":"Aquaporin water channels: molecular mechanisms for human diseases.","volume":"555","author":"Agre","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"R3-26-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.4.1013","article-title":"Vasopressin increases water permeability of kidney collecting duct by inducing translocation of aquaporinCD water channels to plasma membrane.","volume":"92","author":"Nielsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"R4-26-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840210128","article-title":"Increased gene expression of water channel in cirrhotic rat kidneys.","volume":"21","author":"Asahina","year":"1995","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"issue":"1","key":"R5-26-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00156.x","article-title":"Dysregulation of renal aquaporins and NaCl cotransporter in CCl4induced cirrhosis.","volume":"58","author":"FernandezLlama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"R6-26-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1091950","article-title":"Renal expression of aquaporins in liver cirrhosis induced by chronic common bile duct ligation in rats.","volume":"10","author":"FernandezLlama","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"R7-26-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F555","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00258.2002","article-title":"Effects of renal denervation on tubular sodium handling in rats with CBLinduced liver cirrhosis.","volume":"284","author":"Jonassen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"R8-26-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.8.1194","article-title":"Increased urinary excretion of aquaporin 2 in patients with liver cirrhosis.","volume":"52","author":"Ivarsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R9-26-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00858.x","article-title":"Urinary aquaporin2 in healthy humans and patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic heart failure during baseline conditions and after acute water load.","volume":"63","author":"Pedersen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"R10-26-20241201","first-page":"164","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. 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