{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:38:20Z","timestamp":1791898700315,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":2800,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,27]],"date-time":"2007-12-27T15:51:28Z","timestamp":1198770688000},"page":"321-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Acute hepatitis C virus infection: A chronic problem"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Jason T.","family":"Blackard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek M.","family":"Shata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norah J.","family":"Shire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-91-1-1","article-title":"The chronic sequelae of nonA, nonB hepatitis.","volume":"91","author":"Berman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R2-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.261","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in Samoa and American Samoa.","volume":"74","author":"Armstrong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R3-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(02)00009-4","article-title":"Hepatitis C seroprevalence among newly incarcerated inmates in the Texas correctional system.","volume":"117","author":"Baillargeon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"R4-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1998.0418","article-title":"Hepatitis C in state correctional facilities.","volume":"28","author":"Spaulding","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"R5-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S108","DOI":"10.1177\/1055329003255590","article-title":"Hepatitis C and HIV in incarcerated populations: fights, bites, searches, and syringes.!","volume":"14","author":"Zalumas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"key":"R6-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200204000-00021","article-title":"Viral hepatitis and other infectious diseases in a homeless population.","volume":"34","author":"Cheung","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R7-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2004.30613.x","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in San Franciscos HIVinfected urban poor.","volume":"19","author":"Hall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"R8-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00374-5","article-title":"Natural history of hepatitis C.","volume":"107","author":"Seeff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R9-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199904223401602","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after hepatitis C infection from contaminated antiD immune globulin.","volume":"340","author":"KennyWalsh","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R10-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212313272702","article-title":", for the Sentinel Counties Chronic NonA, NonB Hepatitis Study Team. The natural history of communityacquired hepatitis C in the United States.","volume":"327","author":"Alter","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R11-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.4.563","article-title":"The natural course of hepatitis C virus infection 18 years after an epidemic outbreak of nonA, nonB hepatitis in a plasmapheresis centre.","volume":"44","author":"Datz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R13-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04150.x","article-title":"Lack of evidence of sexual transmission of hepatitis C among monogamous couples: results of a 10year prospective followup study.","volume":"99","author":"Vandelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R14-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/92.9.505","article-title":"Lack of evidence for the heterosexual transmission of hepatitis C.","volume":"92","author":"Neumayr","year":"1999","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"R15-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1086\/431486","article-title":"Unsafe sex and increased incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among HIVinfected men who have sex with men: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.","volume":"41","author":"Rauch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R16-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.10.05.00535-en","article-title":"Acute hepatitis C infection in HIV positive men who have sex with men in Paris, France, 20012004.","volume":"10","author":"Gambotti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"R17-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2005.018366","article-title":"Behavioural predictors of subsequent hepatitis C diagnosis in a UK clinic sample of HIV positive men who have sex with men.","volume":"82","author":"Turner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R18-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.021493","article-title":"Increase in hepatitis C virus incidence in HIV1infected patients followed up since primary infection.","volume":"82","author":"Ghosn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R19-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.008532","article-title":"Increased numbers of acute hepatitis C infections in HIV positive homosexual men; is sexual transmission feeding the increase?","volume":"80","author":"Browne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R20-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.1999.00153.x","article-title":"Patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus demonstrate higher levels of hepatic HCV RNA.","volume":"6","author":"Bonacini","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"R21-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.4.690-694.2001","article-title":"Comparison of hepatitis C viral loads in patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus.","volume":"8","author":"MatthewsGreer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"R22-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.11.059","article-title":"Viral kinetics in hepatitis C or hepatitis Chuman immunodeficiency virusinfected patients.","volume":"128","author":"Sherman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R23-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1086\/379255","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dynamics during HCV treatment in HCVHIV coinfection.","volume":"188","author":"Torriani","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R24-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10295","article-title":"Intermittent detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in semen from men with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1) and HCV.","volume":"69","author":"Pasquier","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R25-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000189847.98569.2d","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus in the semen of men coinfected with HIV1: prevalence and origin.","volume":"19","author":"Briat","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R26-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1086\/379075","article-title":"Incident hepatitis C virus in women with human immunodeficiency virus infection.","volume":"37","author":"Augenbraun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R27-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1086\/428578","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of communityacquired acutephase hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"40","author":"Cox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R28-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1086\/507640","article-title":"Risk factors and outcome among a large patient cohort with communityacquired acute hepatitis C in Italy.","volume":"43","author":"Santantonio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R29-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00668-1","article-title":"Acute hepatitis C: high rate of both spontaneous and treatmentinduced viral clearance.","volume":"125","author":"Gerlach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R30-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.06.026","article-title":"Outcomes and treatment of acute hepatitis C virus infection in a United States population.","volume":"4","author":"Corey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R31-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000191281.77954.27","article-title":"Clinical presentation and course of acute hepatitis C infection in HIVinfected patients.","volume":"41","author":"Luetkemeyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R32-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1086\/504327","article-title":"Acute hepatitis C virus infection in incarcerated injection drug users.","volume":"42","author":"McGovern","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R33-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36129","article-title":"Outcome of an outbreak of acute hepatitis C among healthy volunteers participating in pharmacokinetics studies.","volume":"36","author":"Larghi","year":"2002","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R34-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2005.00645.x","article-title":"Viral load change and sequential evolution of entire hepatitis C virus genome in Irish recipients of single sourcecontaminated antiD immunoglobulin.","volume":"12","author":"Itakura","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"R35-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5386.103","article-title":"Hepatitis C viral dynamics in vivo and the antiviral efficacy of interferonalpha therapy.","volume":"282","author":"Neumann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R36-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.5.3225-3229.1992","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) circulates as a population of different but closely related genomes: quasispecies nature of HCV genome distribution.","volume":"66","author":"Martell","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R37-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3173","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80401-0","article-title":"Genetic diversity and evolution of hepatitis C virus15 years on.","volume":"85","author":"Simmonds","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R38-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.4.2938-2946.1999","article-title":"Acute hepatitis C virus structural gene sequences as predictors of persistent viremia: hypervariable region 1 as a decoy.","volume":"73","author":"Ray","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R39-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5464.339","article-title":"The outcome of acute hepatitis C predicted by the evolution of the viral quasispecies.","volume":"288","author":"Farci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R40-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6271","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.7.6271-6276.1998","article-title":"Evolution of hypervariable region 1 of hepatitis C virus in primary infection.","volume":"72","author":"Manzin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R41-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1089\/107999002753675695","article-title":"Interferon, PKR, virology, and genomics: what is past and what is next in the new millennium?","volume":"22","author":"Katze","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"R42-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.255","article-title":"Viruses and interferons.","volume":"55","author":"Sen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R43-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.5.2689-2699.2005","article-title":"Regulating intracellular antiviral defense and permissiveness to hepatitis C virus RNA replication through a cellular RNA helicase, RIGI.","volume":"79","author":"Sumpter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R44-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19676-0","article-title":"Introduction of replicationcompetent hepatitis C virus transcripts using a tetracyclineregulable baculovirus delivery system.","volume":"85","author":"McCormick","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R45-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16739","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M414139200","article-title":"Distinct poly(IC) and virusactivated signaling pathways leading to interferonbeta production in hepatocytes.","volume":"280","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R46-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29832","article-title":"Virusinduced type I IFN stimulates generation of immunoproteasomes at the site of infection.","volume":"116","author":"Shin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R47-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1316","article-title":"Advances in model systems for hepatitis C virus research.","volume":"293","author":"Lanford","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R48-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04078","article-title":"Evasion of intracellular host defence by hepatitis C virus.","volume":"436","author":"Gale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R49-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2006.26.854","article-title":"Cytokineactivated natural killer cells exert direct killing of hepatoma cells harboring hepatitis C virus replicons.","volume":"26","author":"Larkin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"R50-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00702-0","article-title":"Natural killer cells in hepatitis C virus infection: from innate immunity to adaptive immunity.","volume":"3","author":"Takehara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R51-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097670","article-title":"HLA and NK cell inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"305","author":"Khakoo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R52-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3923","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.7.3923-3930.1993","article-title":"Humoral immune response to hypervariable region 1 of the putative envelope glycoprotein (gp70) of hepatitis C virus.","volume":"67","author":"Kato","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R53-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7792","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.16.7792","article-title":"Prevention of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees after antibodymediated in vitro neutralization.","volume":"91","author":"Farci","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R54-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4123","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.5.4123-4127.1997","article-title":"Epitope mapping of antibodies directed against hypervariable region 1 in acute selflimiting and chronic infections due to hepatitis C virus.","volume":"71","author":"Zibert","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R55-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8217","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.13.8217-8229.2005","article-title":"An interplay between hypervariable region 1 of the hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein, the scavenger receptor BI, and highdensity lipoprotein promotes both enhancement of infection and protection against neutralizing antibodies.","volume":"79","author":"Bartosch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R56-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.11.044","article-title":"Discordant role of CD4 Tcell response relative to neutralizing antibody and CD8 Tcell responses in acute hepatitis C.","volume":"132","author":"Kaplan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R57-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00461-6","article-title":"Exposure to low infective doses of HCV induces cellular immune responses without consistently detectable viremia or seroconversion in chimpanzees.","volume":"314","author":"Shata","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R58-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17787-3","article-title":"Tcell responses and previous exposure to hepatitis C virus in indeterminate blood donors.","volume":"365","author":"Semmo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R59-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1086\/383279","article-title":"Clearance of hepatitis C viremia associated with cellular immunity in the absence of seroconversion in the hepatitis C incidence and transmission in prisons study cohort.","volume":"189","author":"Post","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R60-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1086\/422605","article-title":"Prevalence of production of virusspecific interferongamma among seronegative hepatitis Cresistant subjects reporting injection drug use.","volume":"190","author":"Freeman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R61-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.1.0730044","article-title":"Exposure to hepatitis C virus induces cellular immune responses without detectable viremia or seroconversion.","volume":"73","author":"AlSherbiny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R62-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12252","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.22.12252-12258.2004","article-title":"Cellular immune responses in seronegative sexual contacts of acute hepatitis C patients.","volume":"78","author":"Kamal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R63-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2007.01753.x","article-title":"Induction of hepatitis C virus (HCV)specific T cells by needle stick injury in the absence of HCVviraemia.","volume":"37","author":"Kubitschke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R64-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.080077","article-title":"Early impairment of hepatitis C virus specific T cell proliferation during acute infection leads to failure of viral clearance.","volume":"55","author":"Folgori","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R65-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2005.12.010","article-title":"Prospective study of viral clearance and CD4() Tcell response in acute hepatitis C primary infection and reinfection.","volume":"36","author":"Aberle","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"R66-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2002.00373.x","article-title":"Characterization of the immune response against hepatitis C infection in recovered, and chronically infected chimpanzees.","volume":"9","author":"Shata","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"R67-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500060204","article-title":"Cytokine profile of liver and bloodderived nonspecific T cells after liver transplantation: T helper cells type 10 lymphokines dominate in recurrent hepatitis C virus infection and rejection.","volume":"6","author":"Schirren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"R68-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(05)70211-7","article-title":"Immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"5","author":"Prince","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R69-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01510-6","article-title":"Immunity to hepatitis C virus: stunned but not defeated.","volume":"4","author":"Klenerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"R70-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190205","article-title":"Tcell response to structural and nonstructural hepatitis C virus antigens in persistent and selflimited hepatitis C virus infections.","volume":"19","author":"Ferrari","year":"1994","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"issue":"suppl 13","key":"R71-39-20241201","first-page":"S9","article-title":"Immunity elicited by hepatitis C virus.","volume":"13","author":"Farci","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"R72-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80044-8","article-title":"Analysis of a successful immune response against hepatitis C virus.","volume":"10","author":"Cooper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"R73-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.21162","article-title":"Differential CD4() and CD8() Tcell responsiveness in hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"33","author":"Chang","year":"2001","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R74-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088774","article-title":"HCV persistence and immune evasion in the absence of memory T cell help.","volume":"302","author":"Grakoui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R75-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91691-1","article-title":"Possible mechanism involving Tlymphocyte response to nonstructural protein 3 in viral clearance in acute hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"346","author":"Diepolder","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R76-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090050062","article-title":"The role of hepatitis C virus specific CD4 T lymphocytes in acute and chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"74","author":"Diepolder","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R77-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.1999.00006.x","article-title":"Role of the specific Tcell response for clearance and control of hepatitis C virus.","volume":"6","author":"Pape","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"R78-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12584","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.24.12584-12595.2002","article-title":"Broad specificity of virusspecific CD4 Thelpercell responses in resolved hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"76","author":"Day","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R79-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118842","article-title":"Different clinical behaviors of acute hepatitis C virus infection are associated with different vigor of the antiviral cellmediated immune response.","volume":"98","author":"Missale","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R80-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280332","article-title":"Cellular immunity to hepatitis C virus core protein and the response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"28","author":"Lasarte","year":"1998","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R81-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20266","article-title":"Pegylated interferon alpha therapy in acute hepatitis C: relation to hepatitis C virusspecific T cell response kinetics.","volume":"39","author":"Kamal","year":"2004","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R82-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30293","article-title":"Frequencies of HCVspecific effector CD4 T cells by flow cytometry: correlation with clinical disease stages.","volume":"35","author":"Rosen","year":"2002","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R83-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5926","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.10.5926","article-title":"Cutting edge: emergence of CD127high functionally competent memory T cells is compromised by high viral loads and inadequate T cell help.","volume":"174","author":"Fuller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R84-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10514","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.16.10514-10527.2005","article-title":"Intrinsic functional dysregulation of CD4 T cells occurs rapidly following persistent viral infection.","volume":"79","author":"Brooks","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R85-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4424","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-3903","article-title":"Foxp3CD4CD25 T cells control virusspecific memory T cells in chimpanzees that recovered from hepatitis C.","volume":"107","author":"Manigold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R86-39-20241201","first-page":"1437","article-title":"Suppression of HCVspecific T cells without differential hierarchy demonstrated ex vivo in persistent HCV infection.","volume":"38","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R87-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.020","article-title":"gC1qR expression in chimpanzees with resolved and chronic infection: potential role of HCV coregC1qRmediated T cell suppression in the outcome of HCV infection.","volume":"346","author":"Yao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R88-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5264","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.9.5264","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits human T lymphocyte responses by a complementdependent regulatory pathway.","volume":"167","author":"Yao","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R89-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0197(98)00034-8","article-title":"Repression of the PKR protein kinase by the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein: a potential mechanism of interferon resistance.","volume":"10","author":"Gale","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Virol"},{"key":"R90-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.8.4172","article-title":"Interaction of the interferoninduced PKR protein kinase with inhibitory proteins p58IPK and vaccinia virus K3L is mediated by unique domains.","volume":"16","author":"Gale","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"R91-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6506","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.8.6506-6516.1999","article-title":"Antiapoptotic and oncogenic potentials of hepatitis C virus are linked to interferon resistance by viral repression of the PKR protein kinase.","volume":"73","author":"Gale","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R92-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(97)00165-4","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of interferon resistance mediated by viraldirected inhibition of PKR, the interferoninduced protein kinase.","volume":"78","author":"Gale","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R93-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5208","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.18.9.5208","article-title":"Control of PKR protein kinase by hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein: molecular mechanisms of kinase regulation.","volume":"18","author":"Gale","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"R94-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.10.1395","article-title":"Determinants of viral clearance and persistence during acute hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"194","author":"Thimme","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R95-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200009)30:9<2479::AID-IMMU2479>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"CD8 T lymphocyte responses are induced during acute hepatitis C virus infection but are not sustained.","volume":"30","author":"Lechner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R96-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12979","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.20.12979-12988.2005","article-title":"Fullbreadth analysis of CD8 Tcell responses in acute hepatitis C virus infection and early therapy.","volume":"79","author":"Lauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R97-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6104","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.12.6104-6113.2002","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of CD8Tcell responses in hepatitis C virus reveals multiple unpredicted specificities.","volume":"76","author":"Lauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R98-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2004.00526.x","article-title":"Monitoring intrahepatic CD8 T cells by fineneedle aspiration cytology in chronic hepatitis C infection.","volume":"11","author":"Vrolijk","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"R99-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00945026","article-title":"Characteristics of the intrahepatic cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in chronic hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"19","author":"Koziel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Springer Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"R100-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200108)31:8<2388::AID-IMMU2388>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Direct ex vivo comparison of the breadth and specificity of the T cells in the liver and peripheral blood of patients with chronic HCV infection.","volume":"31","author":"Grabowska","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"R101-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11392","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.23.11392-11400.2001","article-title":"Crossreactivity between hepatitis C virus and influenza A virus determinantspecific cytotoxic T cells.","volume":"75","author":"Wedemeyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R102-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1086\/315646","article-title":"DNA primecanarypox boost with polycistronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genes generates potent immune responses to HCV structural and nonstructural proteins.","volume":"182","author":"Pancholi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R103-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.3.1473","article-title":"The role of hepatitis C virusspecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"158","author":"Nelson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R104-39-20241201","first-page":"790","article-title":"T and Bcell responses to different hepatitis C virus antigens in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and in healthy antihepatitis C viruspositive blood donors without viremia.","volume":"24","author":"Lechmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R105-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7522","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.12.7522-7532.1993","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV)specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize epitopes in the core and envelope proteins of HCV.","volume":"67","author":"Koziel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"R106-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.1997.tb00178.x","article-title":"The role of immune responses in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"4","author":"Koziel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"R107-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1761","article-title":"PatrA and B, the orthologues of HLAA and B, present hepatitis C virus epitopes to CD8 cytotoxic T cells from two chronically infected chimpanzees.","volume":"183","author":"Kowalski","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R108-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1994.tb01055.x","article-title":"T cell recognition of hepatitis B and C viral antigens.","volume":"24","author":"Jung","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R109-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1027326415164","article-title":"The immune reactivity role of HCVinduced liver infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular damage.","volume":"17","author":"Jin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"R110-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/11.supp4.6","article-title":"Protection and defence mechanisms in HCV infection.","volume":"11","author":"Inchauspe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"R111-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5692","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.10.5692","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of hepatitis C virusspecific CD8() T cells in peripheral blood and liver using peptideMHC tetramers.","volume":"96","author":"He","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R112-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199705000-00015","article-title":"Insitu immunophenotyping study of hepaticinfiltrating cytotoxic cells in chronic active hepatitis C.","volume":"9","author":"Fiore","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R113-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4189","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.8.4189","article-title":"Hepatitis C virusspecific CTL responses in the liver of chimpanzees with acute and chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"151","author":"Erickson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R114-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117694","article-title":"Cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to hepatitis C virusderived peptides containing the HLA A2.1 binding motif.","volume":"95","author":"Cerny","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R115-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7092","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.10.7092-7102.1996","article-title":"Differential cytotoxic Tlymphocyte responsiveness to the hepatitis B and C viruses in chronically infected patients.","volume":"70","author":"Rehermann","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R116-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.9.1499","article-title":"Analysis of successful immune responses in persons infected with hepatitis C virus.","volume":"191","author":"Lechner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R117-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11398","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01177-06","article-title":"PD1 expression in acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with HCVspecific CD8 exhaustion.","volume":"80","author":"Urbani","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R118-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21541","article-title":"Dysfunction and functional restoration of HCVspecific CD8 responses in chronic hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"45","author":"Penna","year":"2007","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R119-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21573","article-title":"Vaccineinduced early control of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees fails to impact on hepatic PD1 and chronicity.","volume":"45","author":"Rollier","year":"2007","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R120-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.2714","article-title":"PD1:PDL1 interactions contribute to the functional suppression of virusspecific CD8 T lymphocytes in the liver.","volume":"178","author":"Maier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R121-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050121","article-title":"Cellular immune selection with hepatitis C virus persistence in humans.","volume":"201","author":"Cox","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R122-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117893","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype, tissue HCV antigens, hepatocellular expression of HLAA,B,C, and intercellular adhesion1 molecules. Clues to pathogenesis of hepatocellular damage and response to interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"95","author":"Ballardini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R123-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.5.3071-3083.2005","article-title":"Quasispecies heterogeneity within the E1E2 region as a pretreatment variable during pegylated interferon therapy of chronic hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"79","author":"Chambers","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R124-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1086\/500952","article-title":"Hepatitis C virusspecific immune responses and quasispecies variability at baseline are associated with nonresponse to antiviral therapy during advanced hepatitis C.","volume":"193","author":"Morishima","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R125-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21374","article-title":"HCV kinetics, quasispecies, and clearance in treated HCVinfected and HCVHIV1coinfected patients with hemophilia.","volume":"44","author":"Shire","year":"2006","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R126-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011232","article-title":"Treatment of acute hepatitis C with interferon alfa2b.","volume":"345","author":"Jaeckel","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R127-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21043","article-title":"Early monotherapy with pegylated interferon alpha2b for acute hepatitis C infection: the HEPNET acuteHCVII study.","volume":"43","author":"Wiegand","year":"2006","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R128-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21197","article-title":"Duration of peginterferon therapy in acute hepatitis C: a randomized trial.","volume":"43","author":"Kamal","year":"2006","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R129-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.01.034","article-title":"Peginterferon alfa2b therapy in acute hepatitis C: impact of onset of therapy on sustained virologic response.","volume":"130","author":"Kamal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R130-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20253","article-title":"Effects of antiviral therapy on the cellular immune response in acute hepatitis C.","volume":"40","author":"Rahman","year":"2004","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R131-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2005.00580.x","article-title":"Treatment of acute hepatitis C infection in HIVinfected patients: a retrospective analysis of eleven cases.","volume":"12","author":"Vogel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"R132-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000200541.40633.56","article-title":"Sexually transmitted acute infection with a clustered genotype 4 hepatitis C virus in HIV1infected men and inefficacy of early antiviral therapy.","volume":"20","author":"Serpaggi","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R133-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(02)00072-7","article-title":"Pegylated interferons.","volume":"7","author":"Karnam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R134-39-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20119","article-title":"Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C.","volume":"39","author":"Strader","year":"2004","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.21902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-200801000-00039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T13:21:49Z","timestamp":1733059309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-200801000-00039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.21902","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}}}