{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:54:39Z","timestamp":1788872079442,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":2679,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"Blood Systems Foundation","award":["R01-HL-076902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL-076902"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>We determined whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA could be detected associated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of seropositive blood donors who had spontaneously or therapeutically cleared their plasma viremia. Blood donor plasma viremia status was first determined with a highly sensitive transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) test performed in duplicate assays. PBMC from 69 aviremic and 56 viremic blood donors were then analyzed for the presence of HCV RNA with TMA adapted to detect viral RNA in PBMC and with a reverse transcription\u2013nested polymerase chain reaction assay. PBMC-associated HCV RNA was detected in none of the 69 aviremic donors, including all 6 subjects with a sustained viral response following antiviral therapy. PBMC-associated HCV RNA was detected in 43 of the 56 viremic donors. The 13 viremic donors with no detectable PBMC-associated HCV RNA all had very low viral loads (6 positive only in 1 of 2 duplicate plasma TMA assays, 6 with viral loads below 100 HCV RNA copies\/mL, and 1 with a viremia of 2700 HCV RNA copies\/mL). The absence of detectable PBMC HCV RNA detection in all 69 aviremic donors reported here contrasts with prior studies, possibly as a result of the higher sensitivity of the TMA assay used to test for plasma viremia.<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:bold>Our results indicate that PBMC are unlikely to serve as a long-lived reservoir of HCV in aviremic subjects.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,25]],"date-time":"2008-01-25T18:17:57Z","timestamp":1201285077000},"page":"1446-1452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Clearance of hepatitis C virus RNA from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of blood donors who spontaneously or therapeutically control their plasma viremia"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Flavien","family":"Bernardin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Tobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan Dunn","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Delwart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.8169","article-title":"Low frequency of cirrhosis in a hepatitis C (genotype 1b) singlesource outbreak in Germany: a 20year multicenter study.","volume":"32","author":"Wiese","year":"2000","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R2-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840360706","article-title":"Natural history of chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"36","author":"Seeff","year":"2002","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R3-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199904223401602","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after hepatitis C infection from contaminated antiD immune globulin.","volume":"340","author":"KennyWalsh","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R4-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.9714","article-title":"Assessment of longterm outcomes of communityacquired hepatitis C infection in a cohort with sera stored from 1971 to 1975.","volume":"32","author":"Rodger","year":"2000","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R5-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.21905","article-title":"Longterm mortality and morbidity of transfusionassociated nonA, nonB, and type C hepatitis: a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute collaborative study.","volume":"33","author":"Seeff","year":"2001","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R6-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909163411202","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical outcome of hepatitis C infection in children who underwent cardiac surgery before the implementation of blooddonor screening.","volume":"341","author":"Vogt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R7-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.5.1167","article-title":"Detection of replicative form of hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.","volume":"166","author":"Wang","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R8-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.9094","article-title":"Specific detection of minusstrand hepatitis C virus RNA by reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction on polyA()purified RNA.","volume":"32","author":"Takyar","year":"2000","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R9-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3986","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.12.3986.012k39_3986_3989","article-title":"Detection of active hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virusGB virus C replication in bone marrow in human subjects.","volume":"95","author":"Radkowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R10-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890420314","article-title":"Hepatitis C virusRNAs in plasma and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hemophiliacs with chronic hepatitis C: evidence for viral replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.","volume":"42","author":"Willems","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R11-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118485","article-title":"Specific detection of hepatitis C virus minus strand RNA in hematopoietic cells.","volume":"97","author":"Lerat","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R12-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21283","article-title":"Extrahepatic replication of HCV: insights into clinical manifestations and biological consequences.","volume":"44","author":"Blackard","year":"2006","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R13-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80882-0","article-title":"Continuous release of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Blymphoblastoid cellline cultures derived from HCVinfected patients.","volume":"86","author":"Bare","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R14-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.1.269.269","article-title":"Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infected patients by in situ hybridization.","volume":"83","author":"Moldvay","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"pt 4","key":"R15-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-4-705","article-title":"Low level or absent in vivo replication of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virusGB virus C in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.","volume":"79","author":"Mellor","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R16-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1086\/508431","article-title":"Equal amounts of intracellular and virionenclosed hepatitis C virus RNA are associated with peripheralblood mononuclear cells in vivo.","volume":"194","author":"Kaiser","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1086\/323391","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of hepatitis C virus in peripheral blood and liver: replication detected only in liver.","volume":"184","author":"Boisvert","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R18-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(200003)60:3<269::AID-JMV4>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Fluorescent in situ hybridization of hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"60","author":"RodriguezInigo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R19-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20561","article-title":"HCV persistence: cure is still a four letter word.","volume":"41","author":"Feld","year":"2005","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R20-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20518","article-title":"Persistence of hepatitis C virus in patients successfully treated for chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"41","author":"Radkowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R21-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5867","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.11.5867-5874.2004","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus persistence after spontaneous or treatmentinduced resolution of hepatitis C.","volume":"78","author":"Pham","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R22-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1086\/504692","article-title":"Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the liver of healthy, antiHCV antibodypositive, serum HCV RNAnegative patients with normal alanine aminotransferase levels.","volume":"194","author":"Carreno","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R23-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.310-317.2003","article-title":"Performance evaluation of the VERSANT HCV RNA qualitative assay by using transcriptionmediated amplification.","volume":"41","author":"Gorrin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R24-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2408-2419.2002","article-title":"Highly sensitive multiplex assay for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis C virus RNA.","volume":"40","author":"Giachetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R25-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(02)00012-5","article-title":"Sensitive detection of genetic variants of HIV1 and HCV with an HIV1HCV assay based on transcriptionmediated amplification.","volume":"102","author":"Linnen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"R26-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040085","article-title":"Detection of HIV1 and HCV infections among antibodynegative blood donors by nucleic acidamplification testing.","volume":"351","author":"Stramer","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R27-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00745.x","article-title":"Correlates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA negativity among HCVseropositive blood donors.","volume":"46","author":"Busch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"R28-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00475.x","article-title":"HCV viral load in antiHCVreactive donors and infectivity for their recipients.","volume":"43","author":"Operskalski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"R29-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0042-9007.2004.00416.x","article-title":"First report of human immunodeficiency virus transmission via an RNAscreened blood donation.","volume":"86","author":"Delwart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"R30-4-20241201","first-page":"133","article-title":"Intermittent lowlevel viremia in very early primary HIV1 infection.","volume":"39","author":"Fiebig","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R31-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1086\/424491","article-title":"Frequent hepatitis C virus superinfection in injection drug users.","volume":"190","author":"Herring","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R32-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.2903-2907.2002","article-title":"Qualitative detection of hepatitis C virus RNA: comparison of analytical sensitivity, clinical performance, and workflow of the Cobas Amplicor HCV test version 2.0 and the HCV RNA transcriptionmediated amplification qualitative assay.","volume":"40","author":"Krajden","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"R33-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(02)00195-6","article-title":"Highly sensitive hepatitis C virus RNA detection methods: molecular backgrounds and clinical significance.","volume":"25","author":"Sarrazin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"R34-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.8.2850-2855.2001","article-title":"Assessment, by transcriptionmediated amplification, of virologic response in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus treated with peginterferon alpha2a.","volume":"39","author":"Sarrazin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R35-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.17709","article-title":"Detection of residual hepatitis C virus RNA by transcriptionmediated amplification in patients with complete virologic response according to polymerase chain reactionbased assays.","volume":"32","author":"Sarrazin","year":"2000","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R36-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80624-0","article-title":"Mitogeninduced upregulation of hepatitis C virus expression in human lymphoid cells.","volume":"86","author":"Pham","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R37-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.31870","article-title":"Hepatic HCV RNA before and after treatment with interferon alone or combined with ribavirin.","volume":"35","author":"McHutchison","year":"2002","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R38-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.2.283","article-title":"Long term histological improvement and clearance of intrahepatic hepatitis C virus RNA following sustained response to interferonribavirin combination therapy in liver transplanted patients with hepatitis C virus recurrence.","volume":"52","author":"Bizollon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R39-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-10-199711150-00003","article-title":"Longterm histologic improvement and loss of detectable intrahepatic HCV RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C and sustained response to interferonalpha therapy.","volume":"127","author":"Marcellin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R40-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80042-5","article-title":"Complete response to interferonalpha for acute hepatitis C after needlestick injury in a hemodialysis nurse.","volume":"23","author":"Poignet","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R41-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1086\/322619","article-title":"Lack of seroconversion in a health care worker after polymerase chain reactiondocumented acute hepatitis C resulting from a needlestick injury.","volume":"33","author":"Morand","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R42-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1086\/338405","article-title":"Seroreversion from hepatitis C after needlestick injury.","volume":"34","author":"Alain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R43-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.00656.x","article-title":"Complete or partial seroreversion in immunocompetent individuals after selflimited HCV infection: consequences for transfusion.","volume":"44","author":"Lefrere","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"R44-4-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.2.316","article-title":"Full or partial seroreversion in patients infected by hepatitis C virus.","volume":"175","author":"Lefrere","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.22184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-200805000-00004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T09:13:49Z","timestamp":1733044429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-200805000-00004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.22184","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}