{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T07:16:22Z","timestamp":1778915782194,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":2465,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n                                 <jats:bold>It is unclear whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been eradicated or persists at a low level in HCV antibody\u2013positive HCV RNA\u2013negative individuals. The natural history and liver histology are not well characterized. One hundred seventy-two HCV antibody\u2013positive, serum HCV RNA\u2013negative patients underwent diagnostic liver biopsy between 1992 and 2000 and were followed a median 7 years (range, 5\u201312). Patients with any possible cause of liver injury other than HCV were excluded. A single histopathologist scored sections using Ishak criteria. Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in selected cases used a novel semiquantitative technique and compared with HCV RNA\u2013positive patients and healthy controls. One hundred two patients were excluded because of a risk factor for liver injury other than HCV. Seventy patients met the study criteria; four (5.7%) became HCV RNA\u2013positive during follow-up. Sixty-six cases remained HCV RNA\u2013negative; five (7.5%) had a normal liver biopsy; 54 (82%) had fibrosis (stage 2 or 3 in 16 (24%)). Nonviremic cases revealed expanded portal tracts (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>&lt; 0.05), with fewer CD4+ (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>&lt; 0.05) and more CD8+ cells (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>&lt; 0.05) than healthy controls, but were indistinguishable from HCV RNA\u2013positive cases for these parameters. Lobular CD4 staining, absent in healthy controls, was noted in both HCV RNA\u2013negative and \u2013positive cases and was more marked in the latter (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>&lt; 0.05) with a sinusoidal lining cell distribution.<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    Conclusion:\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>Nonviremic HCV antibody\u2013positive patients have a liver biopsy that is usually abnormal. Fibrosis was present in most with similar inflammatory infiltrate to viremic cases. The presence of a CD8+ rich inflammatory infiltrate suggests an ongoing immune response in the liver, supporting the view that HCV may persist in the liver in the majority of HCV RNA\u2013negative cases. (Hepatology 2008;48;1737-1745.)<\/jats:bold>\n                              <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,19]],"date-time":"2008-06-19T18:04:50Z","timestamp":1213898690000},"page":"1737-1745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Histological changes in HCV antibody\u2013positive, HCV RNA\u2013negative subjects suggest persistent virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Hoare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William T. 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