{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:40:34Z","timestamp":1789558834655,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":2495,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Chemokines, chemotactic cytokines, may promote hepatic inflammation in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection through the recruitment of lymphocytes to the liver parenchyma. We evaluated the association between inflammation and fibrosis and CXCR3-associated chemokines, interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3)\u2013inducible protein 10 (IP-10\/CXCL10), monokine induced by IFN-\u03b3 (Mig\/CXCL9), and interferon-inducible T cell \u03b1 chemoattractant (I-TAC\/CXCL11), in HCV infection. Intrahepatic mRNA expression of these chemokines was analyzed in 106 chronic HCV-infected patients by real-time PCR. The intrahepatic localization of chemokine producer cells and CXCR3+ lymphocytes was determined in selected patients by immunohistochemistry. We found elevated intrahepatic mRNA expression of all three chemokines, most markedly CXCL10, in chronic HCV-infected patients with higher necroinflammation and fibrosis. By multivariable multivariate analysis, intrahepatic CXCL10 mRNA expression levels were significantly associated with lobular necroinflammatory grade and HCV genotype 1. In the lobular region, CXCL10-expressing and CXCL9-expressing hepatocytes predominated in areas with necroinflammation. Strong CXCL11 expression was observed in almost all portal tracts, whereas CXCL9 expression varied considerably among portal tracts in the same individual. Most intrahepatic lymphocytes express the CXCR3 receptor, and the number of CXCR3+ lymphocytes was increased in patients with advanced necroinflammation.<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:bold>These findings suggest that the CXCR3-associated chemokines, particularly CXCL10, may play an important role in the development of necroinflammation and fibrosis in the liver parenchyma in chronic HCV infection. (Hepatology 2008.)<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,8]],"date-time":"2008-07-08T12:26:41Z","timestamp":1215520001000},"page":"1440-1450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"title":["Intrahepatic levels of CXCR3-associated chemokines correlate with liver inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Marija","family":"Zeremski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia M.","family":"Petrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Chiriboga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Queenie B.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herman T.","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Kinkhabwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira M.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rositsa","family":"Dimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianthi","family":"Markatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Talal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-13-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70216-4","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"5","author":"Shepard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R3-13-20241201","first-page":"48","article-title":"Advances in liver disease: Highlights from the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.","volume":"6","author":"Davis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Disord"},{"key":"R4-13-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50018","article-title":"Progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"124","author":"Ghany","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R5-13-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)00097-0","article-title":"Rates and risk factors of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis c.","volume":"34","author":"Poynard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R6-13-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.8376","article-title":"Hepatic inflammation and immunity: a summary of a conference on the function of the immune system within the liver.","volume":"31","author":"Bertolino","year":"2000","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R7-13-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300312","article-title":"Pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C: immunological features of hepatic injury and viral persistence.","volume":"30","author":"Cerny","year":"1999","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R8-13-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2001.28228","article-title":"Hepatitis activity index is a key factor in determining the natural history of chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"32","author":"Fontaine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"R9-13-20241201","first-page":"1334","article-title":"The longterm pathological evolution of chronic hepatitis C.","volume":"23","author":"Yano","year":"1996","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R10-13-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0676.2002.01623.x","article-title":"Progression of fibrosis in untreated patients with hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"22","author":"Lagging","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"R11-13-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.217","article-title":"The biology of chemokines and their receptors.","volume":"18","author":"Rossi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R12-13-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01439-X","article-title":"International union of pharmacology. 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