{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:17:04Z","timestamp":1791429424429,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":2403,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) can cause severe acute and chronic liver disease in patients infected with hepatitis B virus. Interferon-\u03b1 (IFN-\u03b1) is the only treatment reported to be effective in chronic hepatitis delta, albeit in a minority of patients. The molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to therapy are unclear. IFN-\u03b1\u2013induced activation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling cascade is essential for the induction of an antiviral state. Interference of HDV with the JAK-STAT pathway could be responsible for the IFN-\u03b1 resistance in chronic hepatitis delta patients. We analyzed IFN-\u03b1\u2013induced signal transduction through the JAK-STAT pathway in human hepatoma cells transfected with the complete HDV genome. The expression of IFN-\u03b1\u2013stimulated genes was investigated with reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). STATs and JAKs activations were examined by immunofluorescence and immunoblot. The IFN-\u03b1\u2013stimulated genes coding for the antiviral proteins myxovirus resistance A, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase and 2\u2032,5\u2032-oligoadenylate synthetase were down-regulated in HDV-transfected hepatoma cells in response to IFN-\u03b1 treatment. HDV severely impaired the phosphorylation of both STAT1 and STAT2, thus preventing their accumulation in the nucleus. Furthermore, HDV blocked the IFN-\u03b1\u2013stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IFN receptor-associated JAK kinase Tyk2, without affecting either the tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak1 or the expression of type I IFN receptor subunits.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                      IFN-\u03b1\u2013induced intracellular signaling is impaired in HDV-transfected human hepatoma cells. HDV subverts the effect of IFN-\u03b1 by blocking Tyk2 activation, thereby resulting in selective impairment of activation and translocation to the nucleus of STAT1 and STAT2. Interference of HDV with IFN-\u03b1 signaling could represent an important mechanism of viral persistence and treatment resistance. (Hepatology 2008.)\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]],"date-time":"2008-09-26T16:40:16Z","timestamp":1222447216000},"page":"398-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Hepatitis delta virus inhibits alpha interferon signaling 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