{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T22:18:36Z","timestamp":1774563516890,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":2434,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,26]],"date-time":"2008-09-26T20:41:17Z","timestamp":1222461677000},"page":"195-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Insulin resistance is a risk factor for esophageal varices in hepatitis C virus cirrhosis\u2020"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Calogero","family":"Camm\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Petta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Di Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Bronte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Ciminnisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giusalba","family":"Licata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Peralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Marchesini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Crax\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280339","article-title":"Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding: an AASLD single topic symposium","volume":"28","author":"Grace","year":"1998","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R2-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-3261(05)70186-0","article-title":"Natural history of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"5","author":"De Franchis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R3-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044456","article-title":"Beta\u2010blockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"353","author":"Groszmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R4-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00420-8","article-title":"Incidence and natural history of small esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients","volume":"38","author":"Merli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R5-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(08)80011-X","article-title":"The incidence of esophageal varices in cirrhosis","volume":"120","author":"D'Amico","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R6-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.10.013","article-title":"Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies","volume":"44","author":"D'Amico","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R7-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840050313","article-title":"Portal pressure, presence of gastroesophageal varices and variceal bleeding","volume":"5","author":"Garcia\u2010Tsao","year":"1985","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R8-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00011-4","article-title":"Evaluation and follow\u2010up of patients with cirrhosis and oesophageal varices","volume":"3","author":"de Franchis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R9-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300628","article-title":"Wedged hepatic venous pressure adequately reflects portal pressure in hepatitis C virus\u2010related cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Perell\u00f2","year":"1999","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R10-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50385","article-title":"Upper digestive bleeding in cirrhosis: post\u2010therapeutic outcome and prognostic indicators","volume":"38","author":"D'Amico","year":"2003","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R11-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.05.009","article-title":"Evolving consensus in portal hypertension. Report of the Baveno IV consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension","volume":"43","author":"De Franchis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R12-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21907","article-title":"Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Garcia\u2010Tsao","year":"2007","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R13-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(02)70404-5","article-title":"American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Complications of upper GI endoscopy","volume":"55","author":"Eisen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"R14-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.1539_a.x","article-title":"Predictors of large esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"94","author":"Chalasani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R15-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80288-8","article-title":"Non\u2010invasive diagnosis of esophageal varices in chronic liver diseases","volume":"31","author":"Pilette","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R16-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01540.x","article-title":"Factors predicting the presence of esophageal or gastric varices in patients with advanced liver disease","volume":"94","author":"Zaman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R17-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200201000-00016","article-title":"Prediction of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"34","author":"Madhotra","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R18-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.21410","article-title":"Which patients with cirrhosis should undergo endoscopic screening for esophageal varices detection?","volume":"33","author":"Schepis","year":"2001","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R19-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.8.1200","article-title":"Platelet count\/spleen diameter ratio: proposal and validation of a non\u2010invasive parameter to predict the presence of oesophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"52","author":"Giannini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R20-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(03)00219-6","article-title":"Non\u2010invasive predictors of the presence of large oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"35","author":"Thomopoulos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"R21-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20029","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of esophageal varices in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"39","author":"Zein","year":"2004","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R22-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04501.x","article-title":"Prediction of large esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis of the liver using clinical, laboratory and imaging parameters","volume":"22","author":"Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R23-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.02.031","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of esophageal varices in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"5","author":"Levy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R24-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01826.x","article-title":"Noninvasive prediction of clinically significant portal hypertension and esophageal varices in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis","volume":"103","author":"Berzigotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R25-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22219","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of computerized tomographic scanning as a screening modality for esophageal varices","volume":"47","author":"Perri","year":"2008","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R26-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22227","article-title":"Esophageal capsule endoscopy for screening and surveillance of esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension","volume":"47","author":"de Franchis","year":"2008","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R27-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-921189","article-title":"The accuracy of PillCam ESO capsule endoscopy versus conventional upper endoscopy for the diagnosis of esophageal varices: a prospective three\u2010center pilot study","volume":"38","author":"Eisen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"R28-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01227.x","article-title":"Non\u2010invasive diagnosis of large oesophageal varices with FibroTest in patients with cirrhosis: a preliminary retrospective study","volume":"26","author":"Thabut","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R29-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20018","article-title":"Noninvasive markers of esophageal varices: another round, not the last","volume":"39","author":"D'Amico","year":"2004","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R30-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.04.006","article-title":"Liver stiffness measurement selects patients with cirrhosis at risk of bearing large oesophageal varices","volume":"45","author":"Kazemi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R31-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21665","article-title":"Liver stiffness measurement predicts severe portal hypertension in patients with HCV\u2010related cirrhosis","volume":"45","author":"Vizzutti","year":"2007","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R32-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01813.x","article-title":"Insulin resistance, and diabetes, increase fibrosis in the liver of patients with HCV genotype 1 infection","volume":"103","author":"Petta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Journal Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R33-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.11.056","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection and diabetes: direct involvement of the virus in the development of insulin resistance","volume":"126","author":"Shintani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R34-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.11.010","article-title":"Insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C: association with genotypes 1 and 4, serum HCV RNA level, and liver fibrosis","volume":"134","author":"Moucari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R35-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20983","article-title":"Insulin resistance is associated with steatosis in nondiabetic patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C","volume":"43","author":"Camma","year":"2006","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R37-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.08.032","article-title":"Insulin resistance is associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and fibrosis progression","volume":"125","author":"Hui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R38-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta\u2010cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"R39-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.48.81","article-title":"Clinical significance of the insulin resistance index as assessed by homeostasis model assessment","volume":"48","author":"Ikeda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"R40-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.11.018","article-title":"Prospective comparison of transient elastography: Fibrotest, APRI and liver biopsy for the assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C","volume":"128","author":"Castera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R41-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198810133191505","article-title":"Prediction of the first variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices: a prospective multicenter study.","volume":"319","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R43-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70034-5","article-title":"Hepatogenous diabetes: reduced insulin sensitivity and increased awareness","volume":"119","author":"Blendis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R44-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-003-0018-9","article-title":"Molecular and physiologic actions of insulin related to production of nitric oxide in vascular endothelium","volume":"3","author":"Vincent","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"R45-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.02.006","article-title":"Vascular endothelial dysfunction in cirrhosis","volume":"46","author":"Iwakiri","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R46-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290632","article-title":"Insulin and insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 stimulate proliferation and type I collagen accumulation by human hepatic stellate cells: differential effects on signal transduction pathways","volume":"29","author":"Svegliati\u2010Baroni","year":"1999","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R47-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.28055","article-title":"High glucose and hyperinsulinemia stimulate connective tissue growth factor expression: a potential mechanism involved in progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"34","author":"Paradis","year":"2001","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R48-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2006.08.017","article-title":"Hepatic fibrosis, stellate cells, and portal hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Rockey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R49-24-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50050","article-title":"Endoscopic screening for esophageal varices in cirrhosis: is it ever cost effective?","volume":"37","author":"Spiegel","year":"2003","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.22655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-200901000-00024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T13:05:33Z","timestamp":1733058333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-200901000-00024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.22655","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}