{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:45:11Z","timestamp":1790199911060,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":1492,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n                                 <jats:bold>Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune biliary disease characterized by injury of small and medium size bile ducts, eventually leading to liver cirrhosis and death. Although the causes remain enigmatic, recent evidence has strengthened the importance of genetic factors in determining the susceptibility to the disease. Besides the strong heritability suggested by familial occurrence and monozygotic twins concordance, for decades there has not been a clear association with specific genes, with the only exception of a low risk conferred by a class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variant, the DRB1*08 allele, at least in some populations. The picture has become more complete when strong protective associations between PBC and the HLA DRB1*11 and DRB1*13 alleles were found in Italian and UK series. However, HLA genes have begun again to attract interest thanks to recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which clearly demonstrated that the major components of the genetic architecture of PBC are within the HLA region. As expected in a genetically complex disease, GWAS also identified several novel non-HLA variants, but it is worth noting that all of them are in immuno-related genes. In this review, the paradigmatic tale of what, and how, we learned about HLA genes in PBC will be retraced with particular focus on how GWAS are enabling a rewriting the story of PBC pathogenesis. These recent discoveries will not only drive functional studies but will also hold the promise of developing novel disease-specific treatments. (Hepatology 2011;)<\/jats:bold>\n                              <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,12]],"date-time":"2011-05-12T10:32:51Z","timestamp":1305196371000},"page":"714-723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Human leukocyte antigen in primary biliary cirrhosis: An old story now reviving"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Pietro","family":"Invernizzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.02.014","article-title":"Update on primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"42","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"R2-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291308","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22906","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"50","author":"Lindor","year":"2009","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R3-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737745","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22042","article-title":"The causes of primary biliary cirrhosis: Convenient and inconvenient truths.","volume":"47","author":"Gershwin","year":"2008","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R4-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401410","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00678-0","article-title":"From bases to basis: linking genetics to causation in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"3","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R5-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15541-4","article-title":"Frequency of monosomy X in women with primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"363","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R6-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456462","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21696","article-title":"Preferential X chromosome loss but random inactivation characterize primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"46","author":"Miozzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R7-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485492","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.05.005","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: genetics, epigenetics, and environment.","volume":"127","author":"Selmi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R8-33-20241202","first-page":"12991320","article-title":"A haplotype map of the human genome.","volume":"437","author":"International HapMap","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R9-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009073431006","article-title":"The HLA system. First of two parts.","volume":"343","author":"Klein","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R10-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782786","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009073431006","article-title":"The HLA system. Second of two parts.","volume":"343","author":"Klein","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R11-33-20241202","first-page":"290299","article-title":"The genetics of human autoimmune disease.","volume":"33","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"R12-33-20241202","first-page":"462A","article-title":"HLADRB1 polymorphisms in 676 Italian patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and 2028 matched healthy controls. A nationwide populationbased casecontrol study Abstract.","volume":"42","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R13-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19061912","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22567","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen polymorphisms in Italian primary biliary cirrhosis: a multicenter study of 664 patients and 1992 healthy controls.","volume":"48","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R14-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667674","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21316","article-title":"HLA class II alleles, genotypes, haplotypes, and amino acids in primary biliary cirrhosis: a largescale study.","volume":"44","author":"Donaldson","year":"2006","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R15-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25442555","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810440","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with HLA, IL12A, and IL12RB2 variants.","volume":"360","author":"Hirschfield","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R16-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658660","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.627","article-title":"Genomewide metaanalyses identify three loci associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R17-33-20241202","first-page":"329332","article-title":"Genomewide association study identifies 12 new susceptibility loci for primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"43","author":"Mells","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R18-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03446.x","article-title":"Genetic and familial considerations of primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"96","author":"Tanaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R19-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940945","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.10.940","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis: geographical clustering and symptomatic onset seasonality.","volume":"24","author":"Hamlyn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R20-33-20241202","first-page":"377385","article-title":"The epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis in northeast England: an increasingly common disease?","volume":"75","author":"Myszor","year":"1990","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"R21-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615617","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.4.615","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of familial disease in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"36","author":"Brind","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R22-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80097-X","article-title":"Familial primary biliary cirrhosis reassessed: a geographicallybased population study.","volume":"30","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R23-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11941202","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20907","article-title":"Risk factors and comorbidities in primary biliary cirrhosis: a controlled interviewbased study of 1032 patients.","volume":"42","author":"Gershwin","year":"2005","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R24-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213214","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.14.3.213","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis in twin sisters.","volume":"14","author":"Chohan","year":"1973","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R25-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410063311418","article-title":"Discordant occurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis in monozygotic twins.","volume":"331","author":"Kaplan","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R26-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95102","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.6.1.13405","article-title":"Epigenetic investigation of variably X chromosome inactivated genes in monozygotic female twins discordant for primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"6","author":"Mitchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"R27-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274279","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32833755aa","article-title":"Murine models of autoimmune cholangitis.","volume":"26","author":"Ueno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R28-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2006.04.005","article-title":"IL2 receptor alpha deficiency and features of primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"27","author":"Aoki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"R29-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80213-5","article-title":"CTLA4 gene polymorphism confers susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"32","author":"Agarwal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R30-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30563059","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i20.3056","article-title":"Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen4 gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis in Chinese population.","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R31-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10611066","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03091.x","article-title":"Analysis of major histocompatibility complex and CTLA4 alleles in Brazilian patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"18","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R32-33-20241202","first-page":"259263","article-title":"SNP analysis of genes implicated in T cell proliferation in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"12","author":"Oertelt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"R33-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947951","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282efa240","article-title":"Association of CTLA4 single nucleotide polymorphisms with viral but not autoimmune liver disease.","volume":"19","author":"Schott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R34-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.02.012","article-title":"Cytotoxic Tlymphocyteassociated antigen4 single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"5","author":"Donaldson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R35-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563570","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22048","article-title":"Interacting alleles of the coinhibitory immunoreceptor genes cytotoxic Tlymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed celldeath 1 influence risk and features of primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"47","author":"Juran","year":"2008","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R36-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12001206","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.077","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with a genetic variant in the 3 flanking region of the CTLA4 gene.","volume":"135","author":"Juran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R37-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223229","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23667","article-title":"Carriage of a tumor necrosis factor polymorphism amplifies the cytotoxic Tlymphocyte antigen 4 attributed risk of primary biliary cirrhosis: evidence for a genegene interaction.","volume":"52","author":"Juran","year":"2010","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R38-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12021209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.01.015","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms are associated with increased susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis in Japanese and Italian populations.","volume":"50","author":"Tanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R39-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2010.01600.x","article-title":"Genetic association of Fc receptorlike 3 polymorphisms with susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis: ethnic comparative study in Japanese and Italian patients.","volume":"77","author":"Tanaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"R40-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10381045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.07.027","article-title":"Genetic factors of susceptibility and of severity in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"49","author":"Poupon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R41-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.03.005","article-title":"Female predominance and X chromosome defects in autoimmune diseases.","volume":"33","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"R42-33-20241202","first-page":"320","article-title":"The human leucocyte antigens and clinical medicine: an overview.","volume":"1","author":"McCluskey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Immunogenet"},{"key":"R43-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2008.04.016","article-title":"Dissection of the multiple sclerosis associated DR2 haplotype.","volume":"31","author":"Etzensperger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"R44-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2008.03.003","article-title":"Extreme genetic risk for type 1A diabetes in the postgenome era.","volume":"31","author":"Baschal","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"R45-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.11.010","article-title":"The HLA gene complex in thyroid autoimmunity: from epidemiology to etiology.","volume":"30","author":"Jacobson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"R46-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.10.006","article-title":"The MHC type 1 diabetes susceptibility gene is centromeric to HLADQB1.","volume":"30","author":"Husain","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"R47-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.08.001","article-title":"Autoreactive human Tcell receptor initiates insulitis and impaired glucose tolerance in HLA DR4 transgenic mice.","volume":"30","author":"Gebe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"R48-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28002805","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.10.1634042","article-title":"Genetic factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmunity.","volume":"6","author":"Carson","year":"1992","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"R49-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1979.tb00874.x","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with HLADRw3.","volume":"14","author":"Ercilla","year":"1979","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"R50-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213217","DOI":"10.1159\/000198892","article-title":"HLA antigens in Japanese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis.","volume":"26","author":"Miyamori","year":"1983","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"R51-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10531060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80617-8","article-title":"DNA typing of HLA class II genes; DRB10803 increases the susceptibility of Japanese to primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"21","author":"Onishi","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R52-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625628","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.6.625","article-title":"HLADR antigens in primary biliary cirrhosis: lack of association.","volume":"26","author":"Bassendine","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R53-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1987.tb01566.x","article-title":"A major histocompatibility complex class III allotype (C4B 2) associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).","volume":"29","author":"Briggs","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"R54-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13671373","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90090-8","article-title":"HLA DRw8 and complement C4 deficiency as risk factors in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"101","author":"Manns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R55-33-20241202","first-page":"112116","article-title":"DNA polymorphism of HLA class II genes in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"35","author":"Morling","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"R56-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889892","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070516","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis: associations with class II major histocompatibility complex antigens.","volume":"7","author":"Gores","year":"1987","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"RU57-33-20241202","first-page":"11271129","article-title":"Histocompatibility antigens in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"82","author":"Johnston","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"RU58-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18421844","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199006283222603","article-title":"Association of primary sclerosing cholangitis with HLADRw52a.","volume":"322","author":"Prochazka","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"RU59-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14041408","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160616","article-title":"Susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with the HLADR8DQB10402 haplotype.","volume":"16","author":"Underhill","year":"1992","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R60-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7378","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840180113","article-title":"Association of primary biliary cirrhosis with human leukocyte antigen DPB10501 in Japanese patients.","volume":"18","author":"Seki","year":"1993","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"RU61-33-20241202","first-page":"237244","article-title":"Analysis of HLAclassIIencoded antigenprocessing genes TAP1 and TAP2 in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"87","author":"Gregory","year":"1994","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"R62-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03346.x","article-title":"Major histocompatibility complex classII alleles in primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"R63-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1994.tb02303.x","article-title":"Genes within the HLA class II region confer both predisposition and resistance to primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"43","author":"Begovich","year":"1994","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"R64-33-20241202","first-page":"398402","article-title":"Association of primary biliary cirrhosis with the allele HLADPB10301 in a German population.","volume":"21","author":"Mella","year":"1995","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"RU65-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959962","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840210411","article-title":"HLA DPB polymorphism in primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"21","author":"Underhill","year":"1995","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R66-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397402","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.3.397","article-title":"HLA and interleukin 1 gene polymorphisms in primary biliary cirrhosis: associations with disease progression and disease susceptibility.","volume":"48","author":"Donaldson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R67-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381387","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.2002.590504.x","article-title":"HLA class II markers and clinical heterogeneity in Swedish patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"59","author":"Wassmuth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"R68-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401406","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00440-3","article-title":"Peculiar HLA polymorphisms in Italian patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"38","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R69-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2005.00351.x","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen class II alleles in Caucasian women with primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"65","author":"Mullarkey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"R70-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2010.00631.x","article-title":"Analysis of HLADRB1 polymorphisms in Japanese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC): The HLADRB1polymorphism determines the relative risk of antinuclear antibodies for disease progression in PBC.","volume":"40","author":"Nakamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"R71-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16761697","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90427-8","article-title":"Immunogenetics of chronic liver diseases.","volume":"106","author":"Manns","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R72-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.11.029","article-title":"Genetic associations in Italian primary sclerosing cholangitis: heterogeneity across Europe defines a critical role for HLAC.","volume":"52","author":"Hov","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R73-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655657","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.631","article-title":"Variants at IRF5TNPO3, 17q12-21 and MMEL1 are associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.","volume":"42","author":"Hirschfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R74-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16751681","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9352872","article-title":"Genes of the major histocompatibility complex class II influence the outcome of hepatitis C virus infection.","volume":"113","author":"Alric","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R76-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69426946","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6942","article-title":"New class I and II HLA alleles strongly associated with opposite patterns of progression to AIDS.","volume":"162","author":"Hendel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"R77-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10651069","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504203321604","article-title":"Association between an MHC class II allele and clearance of hepatitis B virus in the Gambia.","volume":"332","author":"Thursz","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R78-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224230","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.20642","article-title":"HLA class II genes determine the natural variance of hepatitis C viral load.","volume":"33","author":"Fanning","year":"2001","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R79-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(02)00191-0","article-title":"Host and viral genetics and risk of cervical cancer: a review.","volume":"89","author":"Hildesheim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"R80-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505517","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11275","article-title":"Role for HLA class II molecules in HIV1 suppression and cellular immunity following antiretroviral treatment.","volume":"107","author":"Malhotra","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R81-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605611","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03726","article-title":"An array of possibilities for the study of autoimmunity.","volume":"435","author":"Fathman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R82-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17591768","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0808700","article-title":"Genomewide association studies and human disease.","volume":"360","author":"Hardy","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R83-33-20241202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889899","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1489","article-title":"Gene map of the extended human MHC.","volume":"5","author":"Horton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.24414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-201108000-00033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T17:05:46Z","timestamp":1733159146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-201108000-00033"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.24414","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}}}