{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:07:48Z","timestamp":1790276868430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":1218,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n                                 <jats:bold>Familial clustering of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been frequently reported in eastern Asiatic countries, where hepatitis B infection is common. Little is known about the relationship between family history of liver cancer and HCC in Western populations. We carried out a case-control study in Italy, involving 229 HCC cases and 431 hospital controls. Data on family history were summarized through a binary indicator (yes\/no) and a family history score (FHscore), considering selected family characteristics. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from unconditional multiple logistic regression models, including terms for age, sex, study center, education, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, hepatitis B surface antigen, and\/or anti\u2013hepatitis C virus positivity. We also performed a meta-analysis on family history of liver cancer and liver cancer updated to April 2011 using random-effects models. After adjustment for chronic infection with hepatitis B\/C viruses, family history of liver cancer was associated with HCC risk, when using both the binary indicator (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.01-5.58) and the FHscore, with increasing ORs for successive score categories. Compared to subjects without family history and no chronic infection with hepatitis B\/C viruses, the OR for those exposed to both risk factors was 72.48 (95% CI, 21.92-239.73). In the meta-analysis, based on nine case-control and four cohort studies, for a total of approximately 3,600 liver cancer cases, the pooled relative risk for family history of liver cancer was 2.50 (95% CI, 2.06-3.03).<\/jats:bold>\n                              <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion :<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n                                 <jats:bold>A family history of liver cancer increases HCC risk, independently of hepatitis. The combination of family history of liver cancer and hepatitis B\/C serum markers is associated with an over 70-fold elevated HCC risk. (Hepatology 2011)<\/jats:bold>\n                              <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]],"date-time":"2011-11-17T06:21:00Z","timestamp":1321510860000},"page":"1416-1425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Family history of liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Turati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Edefonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Talamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Ferraroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Malvezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Montella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"Polesel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Zucchetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"La Vecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Negri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Decarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-12-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74108","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.55.2.74","article-title":"Global cancer statistics, 2002.","volume":"55","author":"Parkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"R2-12-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19071917","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14964-1","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma.","volume":"362","author":"Llovet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R3-12-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2004.00499.x","article-title":"Infection with human herpes virus type 8 in an area at high prevalence for hepatitis C virus infection in southern Italy.","volume":"11","author":"Montella","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"R4-12-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-005-9205-8","article-title":"Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in different population groups in southern Italy.","volume":"33","author":"Montella","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"R6-12-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347354","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980130)75:3<347::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"A metaanalysis of epidemiological studies on the combined effect of hepatitis B and C virus infections in causing hepatocellular carcinoma.","volume":"75","author":"Donato","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"R7-12-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11591164","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.14.1159","article-title":"Familial risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among chronic hepatitis B carriers and their relatives.","volume":"92","author":"Yu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"R8-12-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236239","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199810000-00011","article-title":"Clinical impact of screening firstdegree relatives of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R10-12-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.08.016","article-title":"The association of family history of liver cancer with hepatocellular carcinoma: a casecontrol study in the United States.","volume":"50","author":"Hassan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R11-12-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417421","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008989103809","article-title":"A casecontrol study on family history of liver cancer as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in North Italy. 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