{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T03:24:54Z","timestamp":1780629894279,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":822,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n                                 <jats:bold>Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can lead to cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and death. We aimed to identify predictors of advanced liver fibrosis at presentation, predictors of incomplete response to initial immunosuppression, and predictors of poor liver-related outcomes in the population-based AIH cohort from Canterbury, New Zealand. Cases diagnosed after 1980 that fulfilled standard diagnostic criteria were included. Cases were censored at death or liver transplantation and had a median follow-up of 9 years. Analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic binary regression. The times to event outcomes were summarized using Kaplan-Meier curves. A total of 133 AIH patients were included. Predictors for advanced liver fibrosis at diagnosis were age at presentation of \u226420 years or &gt;60 years (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>= 0.02), serum albumin &lt;36 g\/L (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>&lt; 0.01), platelet &lt;150 U\/L (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>&lt; 0.01), and International Normalized Ratio (INR) &gt;1.2 (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>&lt; 0.01). The only independent predictor for incomplete normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at 6 months was age at presentation \u226420 years. Independent predictors of poor liver-related outcomes were incomplete normalization of ALT at 6 months (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>&lt; 0.01), serum albumin &lt;36 g\/L (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>&lt; 0.01), and age at presentation of \u226420 years or &gt;60 years (<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    P\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>= 0.01). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that 10-year adverse liver event-free survival was 80% for age at presentation \u226420 years and &gt;60 years, and 93% and 100% for age at presentation between 21-40 years and 41-60 years, respectively.<\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>\n                                    Conclusion\n                                 <\/jats:bold>\n                                 <jats:bold>: Incomplete normalization of ALT at 6 months, low serum albumin concentration at diagnosis, and age at presentation of \u226420 years or &gt;60 years were significant independent predictors of liver-related death or requirement for liver transplantation. Histological cirrhosis at diagnosis was not associated with poor prognosis and did not influence the response to initial immunosuppressive treatment.<\/jats:bold>\n                              <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,29]],"date-time":"2013-01-29T00:23:14Z","timestamp":1359418994000},"page":"2399-2406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Predictors of poor outcome in patients w ith autoimmune hepatitis: A population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Jing Hieng","family":"Ngu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard Blair","family":"Gearry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris Miles","family":"Frampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.M.","family":"Stedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-33-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522529","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24743","article-title":"Mortality and the risk of malignancy in autoimmune liver diseases: a populationbased study in Canterbury, New Zealand.","volume":"55","author":"Ngu","year":"2012","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R2-33-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19801989","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.065","article-title":"Longterm outcomes of patients with autoimmune hepatitis managed at a nontransplant center.","volume":"140","author":"Hoeroldt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R3-33-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457467","DOI":"10.3109\/00365520903555861","article-title":"Characteristics and longterm outcome of patients with autoimmune hepatitis related to the initial treatment response.","volume":"45","author":"Werner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R4-33-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5362","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20732","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis: effect of symptoms and cirrhosis on natural history and outcome.","volume":"42","author":"Feld","year":"2005","journal-title":"HEPATOLOGY"},{"key":"R5-33-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15101516","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.30457.x","article-title":"Factors predicting relapse and poor outcome in type I autoimmune hepatitis: role of cirrhosis development, patterns of transaminases during remission and plasma cell activity in the liver biopsy.","volume":"99","author":"Verma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R7-33-20241201","first-page":"140147","article-title":"Impact of gender on the longterm outcome and survival of patients with autoimmune hepatitis.","volume":"48","author":"AlChalabi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R8-33-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848857","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8608895","article-title":"Prognosis of histological cirrhosis in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis.","volume":"110","author":"Roberts","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R9-33-20241201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.01.002","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis in childrenimpact of cirrhosis at presentation on natural history and longterm outcome.","volume":"42","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Liver 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