{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:43:12Z","timestamp":1786977792290,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":549,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is an increasing health problem in human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) individuals. However, a considerable proportion of HIV\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      patients manage to overcome acute hepatitis C (AHC) spontaneously. In the present study, we analyzed the role of natural killer (NK) cells in modulating the course of AHC in HIV\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      patients. Twenty-seven HIV\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      patients with AHC (self-limited course: n = 10; chronic course: n = 17), 12 HIV\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), 8 HIV monoinfected individuals, and 12 healthy controls were studied. NK cells were phenotypically analyzed by flow cytometry. Interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) secretion, degranulation (CD107a), and anti-HCV (= inhibition of HCV replication) activity of NK subpopulations were analyzed using the HuH7\n                      <jats:sub>A2<\/jats:sub>\n                      HCV\n                      <jats:sub>replicon<\/jats:sub>\n                      cell system. NK cell frequency did not differ significantly between HIV\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      patients with chronic and self-limited course of AHC. However, we found NK cells from patients with self-limiting infection to be significantly more effective in inhibiting HCV replication\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      than NK cells from patients developing CHC. Of note, antiviral NK cell activity showed no significant correlation with NK cell degranulation, but was positively correlated with IFN-\u03b3 secretion, and blocking experiments confirmed an important role for IFN-\u03b3 in NK cell-mediated inhibition of HCV replication. Accordingly, NK cells from patients that spontaneously cleared the virus displayed a stronger IFN-\u03b3 secretion than those developing chronic infection. Finally, we observed high expression of NKG2D and NKp46, respectively, to be associated with self-limiting course of aHCV. Accordingly, we found that blocking of these NK cell receptors significantly impaired antiviral NK cell activity.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                      : Our data suggest a strong IFN-\u03b3-mediated antiviral NK cell response to be associated with a self-limited course of AHC in HIV\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      patients. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;59:814\u2013827)\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T13:55:53Z","timestamp":1390312553000},"page":"814-827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["An effective interferon-gamma-mediated inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication by natural killer cells is associated with spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Pavlos","family":"Kokordelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"K\u00f6rner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Boesecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Voigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Ingiliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Gl\u00e4ssner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Eisenhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Wolter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Kaczmarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Dieter","family":"Nischalke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen K.","family":"Rockstroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Spengler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Nattermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R1-14-20250207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i47i58","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302062","article-title":"HIV and viral hepatitis coinfections: advances and challenges.","volume":"61","author":"Lacombe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R2-14-20250207","first-page":"130137","article-title":"Acute hepatitis C in patients with HIV.","volume":"32","author":"Boesecke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R3-14-20250207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10541058","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300409","article-title":"Liver fibrosis progression in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfected patients. 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