{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:01:24Z","timestamp":1792839684055,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":224,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Hepatitis A illness severity increases with age. One indicator of hepatitis A illness severity is whether persons are hospitalized. We describe changes in primary hepatitis A hospitalization rates in the United States from 2002\u20102011, including changes in demographics, secondary discharge diagnoses, and factors affecting hospitalization duration. We describe changes from 2002\u20102011 among U.S. residents hospitalized with a principal hepatitis A diagnosis and accompanying secondary diagnoses using ICD\u20109 codes from the National Inpatient Survey discharge data. We calculated rates of hospitalizations with hepatitis A as the principal discharge diagnosis and rates of secondary discharge diagnoses. Using multiple regression, we assessed the effect of secondary diagnoses on hospitalization length of stay for five time intervals: 2002\u20102003, 2004\u20102005, 2006\u20102007, 2008\u20102009, and 2010\u20102011. Rates of hospitalization for hepatitis A as a principal diagnosis decreased from 0.72\/100,000 to 0.29\/100,000 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and mean age of those hospitalized increased from 37.6 years to 45.5 years (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) during 2002\u20102011. The percentage of hepatitis A hospitalizations covered by Medicare increased from 12.4% to 22.7% (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Secondary comorbid discharge diagnoses increased, including liver disease, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, disorders of lipid metabolism, and chronic kidney disease. No changes in length\u2010of\u2010stay or in\u2010hospital deaths from hepatitis A over time were found, but persons with liver disease were hospitalized longer. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: Hospitalization rates for hepatitis A illness have declined significantly from 2002\u20102011, but the characteristics of the hospitalized population also changed. Persons hospitalized for hepatitis A in recent years are older and more likely to have liver diseases and other comorbid medical conditions. Hepatitis A disease and resulting hospitalizations could be prevented through adult vaccination. (H<jats:sc>epatology<\/jats:sc> 2015;61:481\u2010485)<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]],"date-time":"2014-09-29T22:15:29Z","timestamp":1412028929000},"page":"481-485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Hepatitis A hospitalizations in the United States, 2002\u20102011"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Melissa G.","family":"Collier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fujie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep27537-bib-0001-20241017","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"55","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0002-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.12.054","article-title":"Hepatitis A vaccination coverage among adults aged 18\u201049 years in the United States","volume":"27","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0003-20241017","first-page":"66","article-title":"Adult vaccination coverage\u2014United States, 2010","volume":"61","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0005-20241017","first-page":"18","article-title":"Hospitalizations for hepatitis A, B, and C, active component, U. S. Armed Forces, 1991 \u2014 2011","volume":"19","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medical Surveillance Monthly Report"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0006-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491112600607","article-title":"Changing trends in viral hepatitis\u2010associated hospitalizations in the American Indian\/Alaska Native population, 1995\u20102007","volume":"126","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0007-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.01.081","article-title":"Impact of hepatitis A vaccination on health care utilization in the United States, 1996\u20102004","volume":"25","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0008-20241017","first-page":"1","article-title":"CDC. Surveillance for acute viral hepatitis \u2014 United States, 2007","volume":"58","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0009-20241017","first-page":"1","article-title":"CDC. Surveillance for acute viral hepatitis\u2014United States, 2005","volume":"56","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0010-20241017","first-page":"1","article-title":"CDC. Surveillance for acute viral hepatitis\u2014United States, 2006","volume":"57","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0011-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70883-7","article-title":"Outbreak of hepatitis A associated with frozen pomegranate arils imported from Turkey\u2014Multiple U.S. states","volume":"14","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0012-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1086\/319688","article-title":"An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with green onions","volume":"183","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0013-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050855","article-title":"An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with green onions","volume":"353","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0014-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.9.1075","article-title":"A multifocal outbreak of hepatitis A traced to commercially distributed lettuce","volume":"80","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0017-20241017","first-page":"776","article-title":"Hepatitis A vaccination coverage among U.S. children aged 12\u201023 months \u2014 immunization information system sentinel sites, 2006\u20102009","volume":"59","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0018-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491112600408","article-title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies in the U.S.: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"126","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"hep27537-bib-0019-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.3.676","article-title":"Immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in Alaska Native children and non\u2010native adults","volume":"171","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.27537","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.27537","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-201502000-00015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:05:55Z","timestamp":1729209955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-201502000-00015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,20]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.27537","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139","1527-3350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-3350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-08-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-09-18","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}