{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:49:11Z","timestamp":1792842551924,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Photodynamic therapy using porfimer (P\u2010PDT) improves palliation and survival in nonresectable hilar bile duct cancer. Tumoricidal penetration depth of temoporfin\u2010PDT (T\u2010PDT) is twice that of P\u2010PDT. In a single\u2010arm phase II study we investigated the safety, efficacy, survival time, and adverse events of T\u2010PDT compared with previous data on P\u2010PDT. Twenty\u2010nine patients (median 71 [range 47\u201088] years) with nonresectable hilar bile duct cancer were treated with T\u2010PDT (median 1 [range 1\u20104] sessions) plus stenting and followed up every 3 months. The PDT was well tolerated. In patients with occluded segments at baseline (n\u2009=\u200928) a reopening of a median of 3 (range 1\u20107) segments could be achieved: n\u2009=\u200916 local response and n\u2009=\u200911 stable local disease, one progressive disease. Cholestasis and performance significantly improved when impaired at baseline. Time to local tumor progression was a median of 6.5 (2.7\u201041.0) months. Overall survival time was a median of 15.4 (range 4.4\u201062.4) months. Patients died from tumor progression (55%), cholangitis (18%), pneumonia (7%), hemobilia (7%), esophagus variceal hemorrhage (3%), and vascular diseases (10%). Adverse events were cholangitis (n\u2009=\u20094), liver abscess (n\u2009=\u20092), cholecystitis (n\u2009=\u20092), phototoxic skin (n\u2009=\u20095), and injection site reactions (n\u2009=\u20097). Compared to previous P\u2010PDT, T\u2010PDT shows prolonged time to local tumor progression (median 6.5 versus 4.3 months,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), fewer PDT treatments needed (median 1 versus 3,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), a higher 6\u2010month survival rate (83% versus 70%,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and a trend for longer overall median survival (15.4 versus 9.3 months,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.72) yet not significantly different. The risk of adverse events is not increased except for (avoidable) subcutaneous phototoxicity at the injection site.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Temoporfin\u2010PDT can safely be delivered to hilar bile duct cancer patients and results in prolonged patency of hilar bile ducts, a trend for longer survival time, and similar palliation as with P\u2010PDT. (H\n                    <jats:sc>epatology<\/jats:sc>\n                    2015;62:1456\u20131465)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,20]],"date-time":"2015-05-20T05:14:08Z","timestamp":1432098848000},"page":"1456-1465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Temoporfin improves efficacy of photodynamic therapy in advanced biliary tract carcinoma: A multicenter prospective phase II study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Andrej","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I,Paracelsus Medical University\/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK),Salzburg,Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike W.","family":"Denzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I,University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf,Hamburg,Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Interdisciplinary Endoscopy,University Hospital,Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf,Hamburg,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Neureiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University\/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK),Salzburg,Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Kiesslich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I,Paracelsus Medical University\/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK),Salzburg,Austria"},{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University,Salzburg,Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Puespoeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Medical University of Vienna,Vienna,Austria"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II,Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brueder,Eisenstadt,Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik A.J.","family":"Rauws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Medical Centre, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology,Amsterdam,The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Emmanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Visceral Surgery,Krankenhaus Barmherzige Schwestern Linz,Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Degenhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I,University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf,Hamburg,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Frick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doepfer University of Applied Sciences,Cologne,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Beuers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Medical Centre, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology,Amsterdam,The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansgar W.","family":"Lohse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I,University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf,Hamburg,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frieder","family":"Berr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I,Paracelsus Medical University\/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK),Salzburg,Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gernot W.","family":"Wolkersd\u00f6rfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I,Paracelsus Medical University\/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK),Salzburg,Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep27905-bib-0001-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910283411807","article-title":"Biliary tract cancers","volume":"341","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0002-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-828889","article-title":"The epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"24","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0003-20241017","first-page":"778","article-title":"Management of malignant hilar biliary obstruction by endoscopy","volume":"37","year":"1992","journal-title":"Results and prognostic factors. 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A case report","volume":"126","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0015-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70537-2","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of nonresectable cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"114","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0016-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)01288-X","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy in patients with non\u2010resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: 5\u2010year follow\u2010up of a prospective phase II study","volume":"60","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0017-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00318.x","article-title":"Palliation of nonresectable bile duct cancer: improved survival after photodynamic therapy","volume":"100","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0018-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2003.07.015","article-title":"Successful photodynamic therapy for nonresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a randomized prospective study","volume":"125","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0019-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02345.x","article-title":"R0 but not R1\/R2 resection is associated with better survival than palliative photodynamic therapy in biliary tract cancer","volume":"31","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0020-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-009-0109-3","article-title":"Systematic review: photodynamic therapy for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"17","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0021-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1957-7","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"57","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0022-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1039\/b813183j","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy for non\u2010resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"8","year":"2009","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol Sci"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0023-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11401","article-title":"Neoadjuvant photodynamic therapy as a new approach to treating hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a phase II pilot study","volume":"97","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0024-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20114","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of cancer: an update","volume":"61","year":"2011","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0025-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970926)73:1<25::AID-IJC5>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy using mTHPC for malignant disease in the oral cavity","volume":"73","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0026-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328013c0bd","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of malignant biliary strictures using meso\u2010tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin","volume":"19","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0027-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.4.549","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy for cancer of the pancreas","volume":"50","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0028-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690736","article-title":"Effective treatment of liver metastases with photodynamic therapy, using the second\u2010generation photosensitizer meta\u2010tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC), in a rat model","volume":"81","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0029-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1039\/c3pp25425a","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy for hilar bile duct cancer: clinical evidence for improved tumoricidal tissue penetration by temoporfin","volume":"12","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol Sci"},{"key":"hep27905-bib-0032-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.3.205","article-title":"European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. 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