{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T19:19:45Z","timestamp":1784661585899,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to the following investigators Lewis R. Roberts, MB, ChB, PhD","award":["DK 082843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK 082843"]}]},{"name":"Anna Suk-Fong Lok, MD","award":["DK082863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK082863"]}]},{"name":"Steven H. Belle, PhD, MScHyg","award":["DK082864"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK082864"]}]},{"name":"Kyong-Mi Chang, MD","award":["DK082866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK082866"]}]},{"name":"Michael W. Fried, MD","award":["DK082867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK082867"]}]},{"name":"Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, MD","award":["DK082871"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK082871"]}]},{"name":"William M. Lee, MD","award":["U01 DK082872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK082872"]}]},{"name":"Harry L. A. Janssen, MD, PhD","award":["DK082874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK082874"]}]},{"name":"Daryl T-Y Lau, MD, MPH","award":["DK082919"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK082919"]}]},{"name":"Richard K. Sterling, MD, MSc","award":["DK082923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK082923"]}]},{"name":"Richard K. Sterling, MD, MSc","award":["UL1TR000058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000058"]}]},{"name":"Steven-Huy B. Han, MD","award":["DK082927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK082927"]}]},{"name":"Robert C. Carithers, MD","award":["DK082943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK082943"]}]},{"name":"Norah A. Terrault, MD, MPH","award":["U01 DK082944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK082944"]}]},{"name":"NIDDK: Lilia M. Ganova-Raeva, PhD","award":["A-DK-3002-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-DK-3002-001"]}]},{"name":"NIDDK, NIH: Marc G. Ghany, MD."},{"name":"Kyong-Mi Chang, MD, the Immunology Center, (NIH\/NIDDK Center of Molecular Studies in Digestive and Liver Diseases)","award":["P30DK50306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK50306"]}]},{"name":"NIH Public Health Service Research","award":["M01-RR00040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M01-RR00040"]}]},{"name":"NCATS (National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH)"},{"name":"Norah A. Terrault, MD, MPH (CTSA)","award":["UL1TR000004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000004"]}]},{"name":"Michael W. Fried, MD (CTSA)","award":["UL1TR001111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001111"]}]},{"name":"Anna Suk-Fong Lok (CTSA)","award":["UL1RR024986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1RR024986"]}]},{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc. and Roche Molecular Systems via a CRADA through the NIDDK"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes is associated with liver disease progression and increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk, but factors associated with diabetes in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in North America are unknown. We aimed to determine factors predictive of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in a large HBV\u2010infected multiethnic cohort. Adults with chronic HBV not receiving antiviral therapy were enrolled from 21 centers in North America. Diabetes was defined by history\/medication use or fasting glucose \u2265126 mg\/dL and IFG as fasting glucose 100\u2010125 mg\/dL. Of 882 patients included, 47.2% were female, 71.3% Asian, 83.7% foreign born, median age was 44 years, and median body mass index BMI 24.3 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. In this cohort, 26.0% were hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) positive, 43.9% had HBV DNA \u226520,000 IU\/mL, and 26.7% alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \u22652\u00d7 upper limit of normal (\u226540 U\/L women, \u226560 U\/L men). Overall, 12.5% had diabetes and 7.8% IFG. The combined prevalence of diabetes or IFG was highest among blacks (36.7%) and those either born in the United States\/Canada or foreign born with migration &gt;20 years ago (25.5%). Obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 2.13), hyperlipidemia (OR, 4.13), hypertension (OR, 3.67), high ALT level (OR, 1.86), and family history of diabetes (OR, 3.43) were associated with diabetes. Factors associated with IFG were obesity (OR, 4.13) and hypertension (OR, 3.27), but also HBeAg positivity (OR, 0.39). Recent migration was negatively associated with diabetes among non\u2010Asians (OR, 0.30). <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: Diabetes is more prevalent in HBV\u2010infected North American adults than the general population and is associated with known metabolic risk factors and liver damage, as determined by ALT levels. Among the foreign born, longer duration of North America residence predicted diabetes risk in non\u2010Asians. These results highlight the opportunities for interventions to prevent diabetes especially among at\u2010risk ethnic groups with HBV. (H<jats:sc>epatology<\/jats:sc> 2015;62:1364\u20131374)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,8]],"date-time":"2015-08-08T15:37:18Z","timestamp":1439048238000},"page":"1364-1374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Diabetes and prediabetes in patients with hepatitis B residing in North America"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Mandana","family":"Khalili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Lombardero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond T.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norah A.","family":"Terrault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc G.","family":"Ghany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Ray","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daryl","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Lisker\u2010Melman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Sanyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna S.","family":"Lok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the 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