{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T23:23:20Z","timestamp":1781911400727,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Human immunodeficiency viral (HIV) infection affects approximately 1.2 million persons in the United States and 35 million worldwide. Progression to advanced liver disease remains a leading cause of death among HIV\u2010infected persons in the United States and elsewhere. Though mortality from HIV complications has been dramatically reduced wherever effective combination antiretroviral therapy is used, there has been little impact on liver\u2010related mortality. Causes of liver disease in the setting of HIV infection include viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, drug\u2010associated toxicities, and other metabolic\/genetic disorders which interact in an environment modulated by persistent immune activation and altered cytokine display. Conclusion: Despite significant advances in treatment of hepatitis C virus and suppression of hepatitis B virus, treatment and management principles for liver disease in HIV\u2010infected patients remain challenging; limited resources, fragmented health care, and high levels of injection drug use, alcohol use, and depression remain relevant issues in the HIV\u2010infected patient<\/jats:bold>.(H<jats:sc>epatology<\/jats:sc>2015;62:1871\u20131882)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]],"date-time":"2015-09-04T16:18:53Z","timestamp":1441383533000},"page":"1871-1882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Human immunodeficiency virus and liver disease: An update"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine,Cincinnati,OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Rockstroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I,University of Bonn,Bonn,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore,MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep28150-bib-0001-20241017","first-page":"2529","article-title":"Survival in patients with HIV infection","volume":"169","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"hep28150-bib-0002-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000243","article-title":"Impact on life expectancy of HIV\u20101 positive individuals of CD4+ cell count and viral load response to antiretroviral therapy","volume":"28","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"hep28150-bib-0003-20241017","first-page":"247","article-title":"Vital signs: HIV prevention through care and treatment\u2014United States","volume":"307","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"hep28150-bib-0004-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-9944-8","article-title":"Trends in HIV diagnoses and testing among U.S. adolescents and young adults","volume":"16","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"hep28150-bib-0005-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.20176","article-title":"Is it HIV TTP or HIV\u2010associated thrombotic microangiopathy?","volume":"23","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"key":"hep28150-bib-0006-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2005.01138.x","article-title":"Prevalence of conditions associated with human immunodeficiency and hepatitis virus infections among persons with haemophilia, 2001\u20102003","volume":"11","year":"2005","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"hep28150-bib-0007-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01428.x","article-title":"Hepatoportal sclerosis as a cause of noncirrhotic portal hypertension in patients with HIV","volume":"102","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep28150-bib-0008-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300111","article-title":"Antiretroviral\u2010associated portal hypertension: a new clinical condition? 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