{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:17:39Z","timestamp":1791497859104,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Both alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are characterized by massive lipid accumulation in the liver accompanied by inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in a substantial subgroup of patients. At several stages in these diseases, mediators of the immune system, such as cytokines or inflammasomes, are crucially involved. In ALD, chronic ethanol exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharides through Toll\u2010like receptors, e.g., Toll\u2010like receptor 4. This sensitization enhances the production of various proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin\u20101 (IL\u20101) and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha, thereby contributing to hepatocyte dysfunction, necrosis, and apoptosis and the generation of extracellular matrix proteins leading to fibrosis\/cirrhosis. Indeed, neutralization of IL\u20101 by IL\u20101 receptor antagonist has recently been shown to potently prevent liver injury in murine models of ALD. As IL\u20101 is clearly linked to key clinical symptoms of acute alcoholic hepatitis such as fever, neutrophilia, and wasting, interfering with the IL\u20101 pathway might be an attractive treatment strategy in the future. An important role for IL\u20101\u2010type cytokines and certain inflammasomes has also been demonstrated in murine models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. IL\u20101\u2010type cytokines can regulate hepatic steatosis; the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome is critically involved in metabolic dysregulation. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: IL\u20101 cytokine family members and various inflammasomes mediate different aspects of both ALD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (H<jats:sc>epatology<\/jats:sc> 2016;64:955\u2010965)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,16]],"date-time":"2016-01-16T18:14:58Z","timestamp":1452968098000},"page":"955-965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":289,"title":["Interleukin\u20101 and inflammasomes in alcoholic liver disease\/acute alcoholic hepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Herbert","family":"Tilg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism,Medical University Innsbruck,Innsbruck,Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander R.","family":"Moschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism,Medical University Innsbruck,Innsbruck,Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyongyi","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,University of Massachusetts Medical School,Worcester,Massachusetts, USAMA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep28456-bib-0001-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.6.2517","article-title":"Demonstration of a circulating suppressor factor of thymocyte proliferation during endotoxin fever in humans","volume":"127","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"hep28456-bib-0002-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7907","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.24.7907","article-title":"Nucleotide sequence of human monocyte interleukin 1 precursor cDNA","volume":"81","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci 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