{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:40:59Z","timestamp":1789771259617,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Whether aspirin use is protective against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains unclear. We determined the association between aspirin use and other risk factors for each CCA subtype individually. In a hospital\u2010based case\u2010control study, 2395 CCA cases (1169 intrahepatic, 995 perihilar, and 231 distal) seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, from 2000 through 2014 were enrolled. Controls selected from the Mayo Clinic Biobank were matched two to one with cases by age, sex, race, and residence (n = 4769). Associations between aspirin use, other risk factors, and CCA risk were determined. Aspirin was used by 591 (24.7%) CCA cases and 2129 (44.6%) controls. There was a significant inverse association of aspirin use with all CCA subtypes, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 0.35 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29\u20100.42), 0.34 (95% CI 0.27\u20100.42), and 0.29 (95% CI 0.19\u20100.44) for intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal CCA, respectively (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001 for all). Primary sclerosing cholangitis was more strongly associated with perihilar (AOR = 453, 95% CI 104\u2010999) than intrahepatic (AOR = 93.4, 95% CI 27.1\u2010322) or distal (AOR = 34.0, 95% CI 3.6\u2010323) CCA, whereas diabetes was more associated with distal (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI 2.5\u20107.0) than perihilar (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI 2.2\u20103.8) or intrahepatic (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI 2.0\u20103.2) CCA. Cirrhosis not related to primary sclerosing cholangitis was associated with both intrahepatic and perihilar CCA, with similar AORs of 14. Isolated inflammatory bowel disease without primary sclerosing cholangitis was not associated with any CCA subtype. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: Aspirin use was significantly associated with a 2.7\u2010fold to 3.6\u2010fold decreased risk for the three CCA subtypes; our study demonstrates that individual risk factors confer risk of different CCA subtypes to different extents. (H<jats:sc>epatology<\/jats:sc> 2016;64:785\u2010796)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,5]],"date-time":"2016-03-05T16:13:36Z","timestamp":1457194416000},"page":"785-796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Aspirin use and the risk of cholangiocarcinoma\u2021"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Jonggi","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,Rochester,MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan M.","family":"Ghoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,Rochester,MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thoetchai","family":"Peeraphatdit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,Rochester,MN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esha","family":"Baichoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,Rochester,MN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine,Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital,New York,NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benyam D.","family":"Addissie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,Rochester,MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Harmsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics,Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,Rochester,MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry M.","family":"Therneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics,Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,Rochester,MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet E.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roongruedee","family":"Chaiteerakij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,Rochester,MN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital,Thai Red Cross Society,Bangkok,Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis R.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,Rochester,MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep28529-bib-0001-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0120574","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120574","article-title":"Geographic variation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"hep28529-bib-0002-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.021","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intrahepatic 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