{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:10:20Z","timestamp":1772118620237,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The pathogenesis of intrahepatic biliary stricture formation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) or after liver transplantation (LTx) remains elusive. CD14 receptor signaling is a key mediator of the innate immune system; its common genetic variant is associated with alcoholic liver disease. PSC and LTx cohort patients and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) control patients were genotyped for the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CD14<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010260C&gt;T (rs2569190) polymorphism, and genotypes were correlated with long\u2010term clinical outcome. Biliary tissue, bile, and whole blood of PSC patients and healthy controls were screened for markers of the innate immune system and bacterial infection. In 121 PSC patients, the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CD14<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010260C&gt;T genotype was associated with development of dominant bile duct strictures (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02). In 365 LTx patients, TT carriers (4.1%) were protected against the formation of nonanastomotic biliary strictures versus CC\/CT patients (12.6%;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.01). Chemokine ligand 8 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.04) and chemokine receptor 6 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.004) were up\u2010regulated in biliary tissue of PSC patients with the TT versus the CC\/CT genotype. Lipopolysaccharide whole\u2010blood stimulation resulted in a significant change in interleukin (IL)\u20108 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.05) and IL\u201012p40 levels (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.04) in healthy control subjects carrying the TT genotype. TT PSC patients were protected against Gram\u2010negative bacterial biliary infection (TT: 0% vs. CC\/CT: 22.5%;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02). Serum\u2010soluble CD14 levels correlated with the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CD14<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010260C&gt;T genotype (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.02), representing an independent risk indicator of survival in PSC patients (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.19\u20100.86;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.01).\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The function of the innate immune response by CD14 is crucial during biliary infection and stricture formation. The benefits of CD14 signaling modification should be addressed in future studies. (H\n                    <jats:sc>epatology<\/jats:sc>\n                    2016;64:843\u2010852)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]],"date-time":"2016-03-12T14:17:53Z","timestamp":1457792273000},"page":"843-852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["CD14 is associated with biliary stricture formation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Kilian","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV,University Hospital of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV,University Hospital of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maik","family":"Brune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I,University Hospital of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Giese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg University Hospital,Institute for Immunology,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Rupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV,University Hospital of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Wannhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV,University Hospital of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Kloeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV,University Hospital of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Leopold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV,University Hospital of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald Ulrich","family":"Denk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center Munich,Department of Medicine II,University of Munich (LMU),Munich,Germany"},{"name":"Transplantation Center,University of Munich,Munich,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl Heinz","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV,University Hospital of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Stremmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV,University Hospital of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV,University Hospital of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Hohenester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center Munich,Department of Medicine II,University of Munich (LMU),Munich,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schirmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heidelberg University Hospital,Institute for Pathology,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery,Heidelberg University Hospital,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Nils","family":"Gotthardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV,University Hospital of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep28543-bib-0001-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-013-0336-2","article-title":"Endoscopic management of benign biliary strictures","volume":"15","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol 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