{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T07:20:05Z","timestamp":1766647205988,"version":"3.27.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475193600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions"}],"funder":[{"award":["ERC\u20102008\u2010AdG\u2010233130\u2010HEPCENT","ERC\u20102014\u2010AdG\u2010HEPCAR","EU H2020 HEPCIR","Health\u2010F4\u20102012\u2010305600\u2010HepaMab","Interreg IV\u2010Rhin Sup\u00e9rieur\u2010FEDER\u2010Hepato\u2010Regio\u2010Net 2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC\u20102008\u2010AdG\u2010233130\u2010HEPCENT","ERC\u20102014\u2010AdG\u2010HEPCAR","EU H2020 HEPCIR","Health\u2010F4\u20102012\u2010305600\u2010HepaMab","Interreg IV\u2010Rhin Sup\u00e9rieur\u2010FEDER\u2010Hepato\u2010Regio\u2010Net 2012"]}]},{"award":["ANRS 2012\/318","2013\/108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANRS 2012\/318","2013\/108"]}]},{"award":["A12027MS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A12027MS"]}]},{},{},{}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV)\u2010induced end\u2010stage liver disease is the major indication for liver transplantation (LT). However, reinfection of the liver graft is still common, especially in patients with detectable viral load at the time of LT. Limited data are available on direct\u2010acting antivirals in the transplant setting for prevention of graft infection. The human hepatitis C immunoglobulin (HCIG) Civacir is an investigational drug that is currently being developed in an ongoing phase 3 clinical trial assessing its safety and efficacy at preventing HCV recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) in the United States. Using well\u2010characterized patient\u2010derived HCV variants selected during LT, we studied the molecular mechanism of action of Civacir. Inhibition of HCV infection was studied using infectious HCV models including HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp) and cell culture\u2010derived HCV (HCVcc) containing patient\u2010derived viral envelope glycoproteins from 22 HCV variants isolated from patients before and after LT. The human hepatitis C immune globulin Civacir is an investigational drug that is currently being developed in an ongoing phase 3 clinical trial assessing safety and efficacy to prevent HCV recurrence after LT in the United States. Using well\u2010characterized patient\u2010derived HCV variants selected during LT, we studied the molecular mechanism of action of Civacir. Inhibition of HCV infection was studied using infectious HCV models including HCV pseudoparticles and cell culture\u2010derived HCV containing patient\u2010derived viral envelope glycoproteins from 22 HCV variants isolated from patients before and after liver transplantation. Additionally, we studied neutralization of different HCV genotypes and of direct\u2010acting antiviral\u2010resistant viruses. Our results indicate that Civacir potently, broadly, and dose\u2010dependently neutralizes all tested patient variants in HCV pseudoparticles and cell culture\u2010derived HCV assays including variants displaying resistance to host neutralizing antibodies and antiviral monoclonal antibodies. The half\u2010maximal inhibitory concentrations were independent of the phenotype of the viral variant, indicating that virus neutralization by Civacir is not affected by viral selection. Furthermore, Civacir is equally active against tested direct\u2010acting antiviral\u2010resistant HCV isolates in cell culture. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> Collectively, these results demonstrate broad neutralizing activity of Civacir against resistant viruses, likely due to synergy between anti\u2010HCV antibodies derived from different plasma donors, and support its further clinical development for prevention of liver graft infection. (H<jats:sc>epatology<\/jats:sc> 2016;64:1495\u20101506)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,17]],"date-time":"2016-08-17T08:32:51Z","timestamp":1471422771000},"page":"1495-1506","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Broad neutralization of hepatitis C virus\u2010resistant variants by Civacir hepatitis C immunoglobulin"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Rajiv G.","family":"Tawar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U1110,Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et H\u00e9patiques,Strasbourg,France"},{"name":"University of Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Heydmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U1110,Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et H\u00e9patiques,Strasbourg,France"},{"name":"University of Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U1110,Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et H\u00e9patiques,Strasbourg,France"},{"name":"University of Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Sch\u00fcttrumpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotest AG,Dreieich,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shailesh","family":"Chavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotest Pharmaceuticals Corporation,Boca Raton,FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barnabas J.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and the NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit,University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre,Nottingham,UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. Patrick","family":"McClure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and the NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit,University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre,Nottingham,UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan K.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and the NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit,University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre,Nottingham,UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Pessaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U1110,Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et H\u00e9patiques,Strasbourg,France"},{"name":"University of Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France"},{"name":"Institut Hospitalo\u2010universitaire, P\u00f4le H\u00e9pato\u2010digestif,H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Habersetzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U1110,Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et H\u00e9patiques,Strasbourg,France"},{"name":"University of Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France"},{"name":"Institut Hospitalo\u2010universitaire, P\u00f4le H\u00e9pato\u2010digestif,H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Bartenschlager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology,Heidelberg University,Heidelberg,Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research,Heidelberg University,Heidelberg,Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirjam B.","family":"Zeisel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U1110,Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et H\u00e9patiques,Strasbourg,France"},{"name":"University of Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Baumert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U1110,Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et H\u00e9patiques,Strasbourg,France"},{"name":"University of Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France"},{"name":"Institut Hospitalo\u2010universitaire, P\u00f4le H\u00e9pato\u2010digestif,H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep28767-bib-0001-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.02.011","article-title":"Viral hepatitis in liver transplantation","volume":"142","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"hep28767-bib-0002-20241017","first-page":"S36","article-title":"The natural history of recurrent hepatitis C and what influences this","volume":"14","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0003-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20206","article-title":"Evolution of hepatitis C virus quasispecies immediately following liver transplantation","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0004-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.31773","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus kinetics during and immediately after liver transplantation","volume":"35","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0005-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02666.x","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus compartmentalization and infection recurrence after liver transplantation","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0006-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1086\/519691","article-title":"Early evolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) quasispecies after liver transplant for HCV\u2010related disease","volume":"196","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0007-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090766","article-title":"Viral entry and escape from antibody\u2010mediated neutralization influence hepatitis C virus reinfection in liver transplantation","volume":"207","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0008-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.04.006","article-title":"Mutations that alter use of hepatitis C virus cell entry factors mediate escape from neutralizing antibodies","volume":"143","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0009-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.03.025","article-title":"EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C 2015","volume":"63","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0010-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27950","article-title":"Hepatitis C guidance: AASLD\u2010IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating adults infected with hepatitis C virus","volume":"62","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0011-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20217","article-title":"Outcome of liver transplantation for hepatitis B in the United States","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0012-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-10-199805150-00003","article-title":"Incidence of hepatitis C in patients receiving different preparations of hepatitis B immunoglobulins after liver transplantation","volume":"128","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"hep28767-bib-0013-20241017","first-page":"S271","article-title":"Novel approach for the prevention of recurrent hepatitis C in liver transplant recipients: preliminary results from ongoing phase III trial with Civacir","volume":"62","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0014-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20405","article-title":"A randomized, open\u2010label study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of human hepatitis C immune globulin (Civacir) in liver transplant recipients","volume":"11","year":"2005","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0015-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.07.018","article-title":"Neutralizing host responses in hepatitis C virus infection target viral entry at postbinding steps and membrane fusion","volume":"135","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0016-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6025","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607026104","article-title":"Rapid induction of virus\u2010neutralizing antibodies and viral clearance in a single\u2010source outbreak of hepatitis C","volume":"104","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0017-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9294","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503596102","article-title":"Robust hepatitis C virus infection in vitro","volume":"102","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0018-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59776","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059776","article-title":"A hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine comprising envelope glycoproteins gpE1\/gpE2 derived from a single isolate elicits broad cross\u2010genotype neutralizing antibodies in humans","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0019-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir511","article-title":"Vaccine\u2010induced cross\u2010genotype reactive neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis C virus","volume":"204","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0020-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20542","article-title":"Characterization of host\u2010range and cell entry properties of the major genotypes and subtypes of hepatitis C virus","volume":"41","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0021-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114016","article-title":"Complete replication of hepatitis C virus in cell culture","volume":"309","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"journal-title":"J Gen Virol","article-title":"Flexible and rapid construction of viral chimeras applied to hepatitis C virus","year":"2016","key":"hep28767-bib-0022-20241017"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0023-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.11.036","article-title":"Recombinant HCV variants with NS5A from genotypes 1\u20107 have different sensitivities to an NS5A inhibitor but not interferon\u2010alpha","volume":"140","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0024-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004128","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004128","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus cell\u2010cell transmission and resistance to direct\u2010acting antiviral agents","volume":"10","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0025-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18285","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M602706200","article-title":"High density lipoprotein inhibits hepatitis C virus\u2010neutralizing antibodies by stimulating cell entry via activation of the scavenger receptor BI","volume":"281","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0026-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81932-0","article-title":"High\u2010density lipoproteins reduce the neutralizing effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV)\u2010infected patient antibodies by promoting HCV entry","volume":"87","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0027-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12020","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01569-08","article-title":"Identification of a residue in hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein that determines scavenger receptor BI and CD81 receptor dependency and sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies","volume":"82","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0028-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.09.006","article-title":"A single point mutation in E2 enhances hepatitis C virus infectivity and alters lipoprotein association of viral particles","volume":"395","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0029-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.09.014","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E mediates evasion from hepatitis C virus neutralizing antibodies","volume":"150","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0030-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08960","article-title":"Chemical genetics strategy identifies an HCV NS5A inhibitor with a potent clinical effect","volume":"465","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0031-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.02.037","article-title":"Dynamic hepatitis C virus genotypic and phenotypic changes in patients treated with the protease inhibitor telaprevir","volume":"132","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0032-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23192","article-title":"Characterization of resistance to the protease inhibitor boceprevir in hepatitis C virus\u2010infected patients","volume":"50","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0033-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28446","article-title":"Daclatasvir with sofosbuvir and ribavirin for hepatitis C virus infection with advanced cirrhosis or post\u2010liver transplantation recurrence","volume":"63","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0034-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.05.010","article-title":"Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for treatment of HCV infection in patients with advanced liver disease","volume":"149","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0035-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.09.023","article-title":"Sofosbuvir and ribavirin prevent recurrence of HCV infection after liver transplantation: an open\u2010label study","volume":"148","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0036-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.05.073","article-title":"Monoclonal anti\u2010claudin 1 antibodies prevent hepatitis C virus infection of primary human hepatocytes","volume":"139","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0037-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12083","article-title":"Human monoclonal antibody MBL\u2010HCV1 delays HCV viral rebound following liver transplantation: a randomized controlled study","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0038-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.6.2654-2664.2006","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of two neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV): a potential treatment to prevent HCV reinfection in liver transplant patients","volume":"80","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0039-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20876","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody HCV\u2010AbXTL68 in patients undergoing liver transplantation for HCV: results of a phase 2 randomized study","volume":"12","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0040-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24171","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of the cross\u2010genotype neutralizing activity of polyclonal antibodies against hepatitis C virus","volume":"53","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0041-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27567","article-title":"Sofosbuvir with peginterferon\u2010ribavirin for 12 weeks in previously treated patients with hepatitis C genotype 2 or 3 and cirrhosis","volume":"61","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0042-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27814","article-title":"Ledipasvir\u2010sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus previously treated in clinical trials of sofosbuvir regimens","volume":"61","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0043-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26430","article-title":"An alpaca nanobody inhibits hepatitis C virus entry and cell\u2010to\u2010cell transmission","volume":"58","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0044-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01872-07","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to the e1 glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus","volume":"82","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0045-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62121-2","article-title":"Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir fixed\u2010dose combination with and without ribavirin in treatment\u2010naive and previously treated patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection (LONESTAR): an open\u2010label, randomised, phase 2 trial","volume":"383","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0046-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61036-9","article-title":"Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin, to treat chronic infection with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 in non\u2010responders to pegylated interferon and ribavirin and treatment\u2010naive patients: the COSMOS randomised study","volume":"384","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0047-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3179","article-title":"Clearance of persistent hepatitis C virus infection in humanized mice using a claudin\u20101\u2010targeting monoclonal antibody","volume":"33","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"hep28767-bib-0048-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26097","article-title":"The postbinding activity of scavenger receptor class B type I mediates initiation of hepatitis C virus infection and viral dissemination","volume":"57","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.28767","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.28767","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-201611000-00023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:56:15Z","timestamp":1729212975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-201611000-00023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.28767","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139","1527-3350"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0270-9139"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1527-3350"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-02-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}