{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T09:26:17Z","timestamp":1784366777524,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]],"date-time":"2016-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]],"date-time":"2016-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by disturbed systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics. Bacterial translocation from the gut is considered the key driver in this process. Intestinal decontamination with rifaximin may improve hemodynamics. This double\u2010blind, randomized, controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01769040) investigates the effects of rifaximin on hemodynamics, renal function, and vasoactive hormones. We randomized 54 stable outpatients with cirrhosis and ascites to rifaximin 550 mg twice a day (n = 36) or placebo twice a day (n = 18). Forty\u2010five patients were male, mean age 56 years (\u00b18.4), average Child score 8.3 (\u00b11.3), and Model for End\u2010Stage Liver Disease score 11.7 (\u00b13.9). Measurements of hepatic venous pressure gradient, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance were made at baseline and after 4 weeks. The glomerular filtration rate and plasma renin, noradrenaline, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, troponin T, and brain natriuretic peptide levels were measured. Rifaximin had no effect on hepatic venous pressure gradient, mean 16.8 \u00b1 3.8 mm Hg at baseline versus 16.6 \u00b1 5.3 mm Hg at follow\u2010up, compared to the placebo, mean 16.4 \u00b1 4 mm Hg at baseline versus 16.3 \u00b1 4.4 mm Hg at follow\u2010up,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.94. No effect was found on cardiac output, mean 6.9 \u00b1 1.7 L\/min at baseline versus 6.9 \u00b1 2.3 L\/min at follow\u2010up, compared to placebo, mean 6.6 \u00b1 1.9 L\/min at baseline compared to 6.5 \u00b12.1 L\/min at follow\u2010up,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.66. No effects on the glomerular filtration rate,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.14, or vasoactive hormones were found. Subgroup analyses on patients with increased lipopolysaccharide binding protein and systemic vascular resistance below the mean (1,011 dynes \u00d7 s\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) revealed no effect of rifaximin.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Four weeks of treatment with rifaximin did not reduce the hepatic venous pressure gradient or improve systemic hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis and ascites; rifaximin did not affect glomerular filtration rate or levels of vasoactive hormones. (H\n                    <jats:sc>epatology<\/jats:sc>\n                    2017;65:592\u2010603).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,24]],"date-time":"2016-10-24T10:46:45Z","timestamp":1477306005000},"page":"592-603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Rifaximin has no effect on hemodynamics in decompensated cirrhosis: A randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Kimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit,Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital,Hvidovre,Denmark"},{"name":"Centre of Functional Imaging and Research,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital,Hvidovre,Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie Steen","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit,Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital,Hvidovre,Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troels Malte","family":"Busk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Functional Imaging and Research,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital,Hvidovre,Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise Lotte","family":"Gluud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit,Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital,Hvidovre,Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Hobolth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit,Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital,Hvidovre,Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Copenhagen University Hospital,Bispebjerg,Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksander","family":"Krag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Odense University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Research,University of Southern Denmark,Odense,Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Functional Imaging and Research,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital,Hvidovre,Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flemming","family":"Bendtsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro Unit,Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital,Hvidovre,Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Copenhagen Rifaximin (CoRif) Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep28898-bib-0001-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24805","article-title":"Quantitative histological\u2013hemodynamic correlations in cirrhosis","volume":"55","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0002-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02579.x","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in the regulation of cirrhosis and portal hypertension","volume":"32","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0003-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.02.006","article-title":"Vascular endothelial dysfunction in cirrhosis","volume":"46","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0004-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28264","article-title":"Development of hyperdynamic circulation and response to beta\u2010blockers in compensated cirrhosis with portal hypertension","volume":"63","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2 Suppl. 1","key":"hep28898-bib-0005-20241017","first-page":"S121","article-title":"The hyperdynamic circulation of chronic liver diseases: from the patient to the molecule","volume":"43","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0006-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.149","article-title":"The clinical use of HVPG measurements in chronic liver disease","volume":"6","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0007-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.235473","article-title":"Determinants of the hyperdynamic circulation and central hypovolaemia in cirrhosis","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0008-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91122-K","article-title":"Serum levels of cytokines in chronic liver diseases","volume":"103","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0009-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328351db6e","article-title":"High\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein levels predict survival and are related to haemodynamics in alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"24","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0010-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.07.044","article-title":"Pathological bacterial translocation in liver cirrhosis","volume":"60","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0011-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80424-2","article-title":"Endotoxemia in patients with chronic liver diseases: relationship to severity of liver diseases, presence of esophageal varices, and hyperdynamic circulation","volume":"22","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0012-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50038","article-title":"Increased lipopolysaccharide binding protein in cirrhotic patients with marked immune and hemodynamic derangement","volume":"37","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0013-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23918","article-title":"Bacterial DNA translocation is associated with systemic circulatory abnormalities and intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"52","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0014-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)00013-1","article-title":"Bacterial translocation of enteric organisms in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"34","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0015-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01850.x","article-title":"Norfloxacin treatment for clinically significant portal hypertension: results of a randomised double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled crossover trial","volume":"29","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0016-20241017","first-page":"282A","article-title":"Effects of norfloxacin therapy on survival in patients with Child\u2010Pugh class C cirrhosis: Results of a randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, multicenter trial","volume":"62","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0017-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.06.065","article-title":"Primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis delays hepatorenal syndrome and improves survival in cirrhosis","volume":"133","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"hep28898-bib-0018-20241017","first-page":"11","article-title":"Review article: potential mechanisms of action of rifaximin in the management of hepatic encephalopathy and other complications of cirrhosis","volume":"43","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0019-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60042","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060042","article-title":"Modulation of the metabiome by rifaximin in patients with cirrhosis and minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0020-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.25723","article-title":"Cirrhosis, bile acids and gut microbiota: unraveling a complex relationship","volume":"4","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"hep28898-bib-0021-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000081990","article-title":"Rifaximin, a poorly absorbed antibiotic: pharmacology and clinical potential","volume":"51","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0022-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12803","article-title":"Systematic review with meta\u2010analysis: the effects of rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"40","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0023-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.02.025","article-title":"Rifaximin improves systemic hemodynamics and renal function in patients with alcohol\u2010related cirrhosis and ascites","volume":"10","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0024-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24751","article-title":"Rifaximin reduces endotoxemia and improves liver function and disease severity in patients with decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"55","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0025-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12070","article-title":"Long\u2010term administration of rifaximin improves the prognosis of patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"28","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"hep28898-bib-0026-20241017","first-page":"S187","article-title":"Rifaximin and propranolol combination therapy is more effective than propranolol monotherapy in the hepatic venous pressure gradient response and propranolol dose reduction\u2014a pilot study","volume":"62","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0027-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528109181995","article-title":"Continuous reaction time in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. A quantitative measure of changes in consciousness","volume":"16","year":"1981","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0028-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00026-5","article-title":"Neuropsychological characterization of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"34","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0029-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90173-4","article-title":"Breath hydrogen testing in bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine","volume":"95","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0030-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90759-9","article-title":"Effect of volume expansion on systemic hemodynamics and central and arterial blood volume in cirrhosis","volume":"109","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0031-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G677","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00201.2004","article-title":"Detection of early central circulatory transits in patients with cirrhosis by gamma variate fit of indicator dilution profiles","volume":"288","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0032-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00160-0","article-title":"Plasma volume expansion by albumin in cirrhosis. Relation to blood volume distribution, arterial compliance and severity of disease","volume":"39","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0033-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3109\/00365517209084290","article-title":"A simple method for the determination of glomerular filtration rate","volume":"30","year":"1972","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0034-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12149","article-title":"The clearance concept with special reference to determination of glomerular filtration rate in patients with fluid retention","volume":"35","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0035-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21901","article-title":"Terlipressin improves renal function in patients with cirrhosis and ascites without hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"46","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0036-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2012.666673","article-title":"Carvedilol or propranolol in portal hypertension? A randomized comparison","volume":"47","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0038-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907893","article-title":"Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"362","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0039-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.07.004","article-title":"Mechanisms of decompensation and organ failure in cirrhosis: from peripheral arterial vasodilation to systemic inflammation hypothesis","volume":"63","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0040-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.03958.x","article-title":"Intestinal decontamination improves liver haemodynamics in patients with alcohol\u2010related decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"29","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0041-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.12.021","article-title":"Rifaximin is safe and well tolerated for long\u2010term maintenance of remission from overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"12","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0042-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02038.x","article-title":"Beta\u2010blockers protect against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"29","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"hep28898-bib-0043-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.455","article-title":"Rifaximin improves psychometric performance and health\u2010related quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (the RIME trial)","volume":"106","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.28898","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.28898","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/hep.28898","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/hep.28898","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-201702000-00020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T20:39:26Z","timestamp":1729197566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-201702000-00020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.28898","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726880878.793525810","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726880878.793524956","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0270-9139","1527-3350"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-3350","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-04-19","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-10-12","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}