{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:46:06Z","timestamp":1789998366612,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,27]],"date-time":"2017-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,27]],"date-time":"2017-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Glycan\u2010binding proteins, which include galectins, are involved at all stages of immunity and inflammation, from initiation through resolution. Galectin\u20109 (Gal\u20109) is highly expressed in the liver and has a wide variety of biological functions in innate and adaptive immunity that are instrumental in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis. In the setting of viral hepatitis, increased expression of Gal\u20109 drives the expansion of regulatory T cells and contraction of effector T cells, thereby favoring viral persistence. The dichotomous nature of Gal\u20109 is evident in hepatocellular carcinoma, where loss of expression in hepatocytes promotes tumor growth and metastasis, whereas overexpression by Kupffer cells and endothelial cells inhibits the antitumor immune response. In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Gal\u20109 is involved indirectly in the expansion of protective natural killer T\u2010cell populations. In ischemic liver injury, hepatocyte\u2010derived Gal\u20109 is both diagnostic and cytoprotective. In drug\u2010induced acute liver failure, plasma levels correlate with outcome. Here, we offer a synthesis of recent and emerging findings on Gal\u20109 in the regulation of hepatic inflammation. Ongoing studies are warranted to better elucidate the pathophysiology of hepatic immune\u2010mediated diseases and to develop new therapeutic interventions using glycan\u2010binding proteins. (H<jats:sc>epatology<\/jats:sc> 2017;66:271\u2013279).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]],"date-time":"2017-02-13T12:16:59Z","timestamp":1486988219000},"page":"271-279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Galectin\u20109: Diverse roles in hepatic immune homeostasis and inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Lucy","family":"Golden\u2010Mason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology,University of Colorado Denver Medical Center,Aurora,CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo R.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology,University of Colorado Denver Medical 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