{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T11:08:20Z","timestamp":1781521700535,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) alters mitochondrial dynamics associated with persistent viral infection and suppression of innate immunity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also a pathologic feature of direct\u2010acting antiviral (DAA) treatment. Despite the high efficacy of DAAs, their use in treating patients with chronic hepatitis C in interferon\u2010sparing regimens occasionally produces undesirable side effects such as fatigue, migraine, and other conditions, which may be linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we show that clinically prescribed DAAs, including sofosbuvir, affect mitochondrial dynamics. To counter these adverse effects, we examined HCV\u2010induced and DAA\u2010induced aberrant mitochondrial dynamics modulated by ginsenoside, which is known to support healthy mitochondrial physiology and the innate immune system. We screened several ginsenoside compounds showing antiviral activity using a robust HCV cell culture system. We investigated the role of ginsenosides in antiviral efficacy, alteration of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, abnormal mitochondrial fission, its upstream signaling, and mitophagic process caused by HCV infection or DAA treatment. Only one of the compounds, ginsenoside Rg3 (G\u2010Rg3), exhibited notable and promising anti\u2010HCV potential. Treatment of HCV\u2010infected cells with G\u2010Rg3 increased HCV core protein\u2013mediated reduction in the expression level of cytosolic p21, required for increasing cyclin\u2010dependent kinase 1 activity, which catalyzes Ser616 phosphorylation of dynamin\u2010related protein 1. The HCV\u2010induced mitophagy, which follows mitochondrial fission, was also rescued by G\u2010Rg3 treatment. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: G\u2010Rg3 inhibits HCV propagation. Its antiviral mechanism involves restoring the HCV\u2010induced dynamin\u2010related protein 1\u2013mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission process, thereby resulting in suppression of persistent HCV infection. (H<jats:sc>epatology<\/jats:sc> 2017;66:758\u2013771)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,23]],"date-time":"2017-03-23T16:12:25Z","timestamp":1490285545000},"page":"758-771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Ginsenoside Rg3 restores hepatitis C virus\u2013induced aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and inhibits virus propagation"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Seong\u2010Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology,Yuseong,Daejeon,South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Young","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Digestive Research,Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine,Seoul,South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology,Yuseong,Daejeon,South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Kyung","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Digestive Research,Digestive Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine,Seoul,South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae\u2010Gyun","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology,Yuseong,Daejeon,South 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Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine,Cheonan,South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Gyune","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine,Bucheon,South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine,Bucheon,South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine,Cheonan,South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boo 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