{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:25:11Z","timestamp":1791476711049,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]],"date-time":"2017-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]],"date-time":"2017-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) develops in only a small proportion of heavy drinkers. To better understand the mechanisms underlying this disparity, we conducted a study to define the relationship between AH development and dysregulated immune responses that might be ameliorated by alcohol abstinence. Sixty\u2010eight AH patients, 65 heavy drinking controls without liver disease (HDC), and 20 healthy controls were enrolled and followed up to 12 months. At baseline, HDC and healthy controls had no significant differences in their plasma levels of 38 inflammatory cytokines\/chemokines measured using multiplex immunoassays. However, compared to HDC, AH patients had higher baseline levels of 11 cytokines\/chemokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 [IL\u20106], IL\u20108, interferon gamma\u2013induced protein 10, IL\u20104, IL\u20109, IL\u201010, fibroblast growth factor 2, IL\u20107, IL\u201015, and transforming growth factor alpha) but lower levels of the anti\u2010inflammatory macrophage\u2010derived chemokine. AH patients also had more activated yet dysfunctional immune cells as monocytes, T cells, and B cells expressed higher levels of cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) and CD69 but low levels of human leukocyte antigen DR, CD80, and CD86 at baseline. In addition, CD4 T cells produced less interferon\u2010gamma in response to T\u2010cell stimulation. Up\u2010regulated IL\u20106, IL\u20108, CD38, and CD69 and down\u2010regulated macrophage\u2010derived chemokine, human leukocyte antigen DR, CD86, and CD80 correlated positively and negatively, respectively, with disease severity. Longitudinal analysis indicated that levels of IL\u20106, IL\u20108, CD38, and CD69 were reduced, whereas levels of macrophage\u2010derived chemokine, human leukocyte antigen DR, CD80, and CD86 were increased in abstinent AH patients. All of the cellular immune abnormalities were reversed by day 360 in abstinent AH patients; however, plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL\u20108, IL\u201010, fibroblast growth factor 2, and IL\u20107 remained higher. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: AH patients were in a highly immune\u2010dysregulated state, whereas HDC showed little evidence of immune activation; alcohol abstinence reversed most, but not all, of the immunological abnormalities. (H<jats:sc>epatology<\/jats:sc> 2017;66:575\u2013590).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]],"date-time":"2017-05-03T00:26:46Z","timestamp":1493771206000},"page":"575-590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Alcohol abstinence ameliorates the dysregulated immune profiles in patients with alcoholic hepatitis: A prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tohti","family":"Amet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suthat","family":"Liangpunsakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN"},{"name":"Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puneet","family":"Puri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick S.","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun J.","family":"Sanyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay H.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry P.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics,Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard M. 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