{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:34:04Z","timestamp":1790476444154,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]],"date-time":"2018-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,9]],"date-time":"2017-12-09T10:26:55Z","timestamp":1512815215000},"page":"349-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":381,"title":["Diagnostic modalities for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and associated fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Zobair M.","family":"Younossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Loomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quentin M.","family":"Anstee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Rinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Bugianesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Marchesini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent A.","family":"Neuschwander\u2010Tetri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Serfaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Negro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen H.","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlad","family":"Ratziu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen E.","family":"Corey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal F.","family":"Abdelmalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun J.","family":"Sanyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel E.","family":"Lavine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Mathurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Charlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary D.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naga P.","family":"Chalasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris V.","family":"Kowdley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Lindor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014meta\u2010analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R2-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1212","article-title":"Prevalence of fatty liver in children and adolescents","volume":"118","author":"Schwimmer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R3-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2009.07.005","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Argo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R4-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.07.052","article-title":"A systematic review: burden and severity of subclinical cardiovascular disease among those with nonalcoholic fatty liver; should we care?","volume":"230","author":"Oni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"R5-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.02.045","article-title":"Hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular disease outcomes: An analysis of the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"63","author":"Mellinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R6-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9674","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i44.9674","article-title":"Fatty liver is associated with an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease\u2014evidence from three different disease models: NAFLD, HCV and HIV","volume":"22","author":"Lonardo","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R7-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24268","article-title":"Pathologic criteria for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: interprotocol agreement and ability to predict liver\u2010related mortality","volume":"53","author":"Younossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R8-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043","article-title":"Liver fibrosis, but no other histologic features, is associated with long\u2010term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"149","author":"Angulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R9-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26156","article-title":"Association between noninvasive fibrosis markers and mortality among adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R10-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29085","article-title":"Increased risk of mortality by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"65","author":"Dulai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R11-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70506-8","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of clinical and pathological severity","volume":"116","author":"Matteoni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R12-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1054","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Steatofibrosis Independently Predicts Mortality in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"1","author":"Younossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"R13-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.11.039","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the second leading etiology of liver disease among adults awaiting liver transplantation in the United States","volume":"148","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R14-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.01.003","article-title":"Changes in the Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, and Alcoholic Liver Disease Among Patients With Cirrhosis or Liver Failure on the Waitlist for Liver Transplantation","volume":"152","author":"Goldberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R15-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000106","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2016-000106","article-title":"Assessment of health utilities and quality of life in patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"3","author":"Sayiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R16-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13391","article-title":"A disease\u2010specific quality of life instrument for non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease and non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis: CLDQ\u2010NAFLD","volume":"37","author":"Younossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R17-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000567","article-title":"Variables Associated With Inpatient and Outpatient Resource Utilization Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With or Without Cirrhosis","volume":"51","author":"Sayiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R18-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000071","article-title":"Trends in outpatient resource utilizations and outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"49","author":"Younossi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R19-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28785","article-title":"The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R20-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.509","article-title":"What Is the Ethical Responsibility of a Provider When Prescribing the New Direct\u2010Acting Antiviral Agents to Patients With Hepatitis C Infection?","volume":"6","author":"Younossi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R21-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2009.02.009","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a practical approach to evaluation and management","volume":"13","author":"Rafiq","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R22-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.01.037","article-title":"Genetic Factors That Affect Risk of Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"150","author":"Anstee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R23-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(24)00530-5","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease","volume":"55","author":"Ludwig","year":"1980","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"R24-38-20241017","first-page":"283","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"8","author":"Schaffner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Prog Liver Dis"},{"key":"R25-38-20241017","first-page":"560","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Assessment of variability in pathologic interpretations","volume":"11","author":"Younossi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"R26-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.05.029","article-title":"Long\u2010term outcomes of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: From nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to nonalcoholic steatofibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Younossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R27-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32674","article-title":"Mallory body\u2014a disease\u2010associated type of sequestrosome","volume":"35","author":"Stumptner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R28-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840220616","article-title":"The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver","volume":"22","author":"Telli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R29-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20701","article-title":"Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"41","author":"Kleiner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R30-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.10.011","article-title":"Histology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in adults and children","volume":"20","author":"Kleiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"R31-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s11901-016-0296-8","article-title":"Noninvasive markers of fibrosis and inflammation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"15","author":"Jayakumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Hepatol Rep"},{"key":"R32-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.894118","article-title":"Impact of sequential proton density fat fraction for quantification of hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"49","author":"Idilman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R33-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.175","article-title":"Noninvasive evaluation of NAFLD","volume":"10","author":"Castera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R34-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.06.005","article-title":"MRI and MRE for non\u2010invasive quantitative assessment of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in NAFLD and NASH: clinical trials to clinical practice","volume":"65","author":"Dulai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R35-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6821","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i22.6821","article-title":"Bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Khov","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R36-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35354","article-title":"The utility of radiological imaging in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"123","author":"Saadeh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R37-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.49","article-title":"The Performance of Vibration Controlled Transient Elastography in a US Cohort of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"111","author":"Tapper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R38-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.026","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography vs transient elastography in detection of fibrosis and noninvasive measurement of steatosis in patients with biopsy\u2010proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"152","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R39-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016160685","article-title":"Diagnostic Performance of MR Elastography and Vibration\u2010controlled Transient Elastography in the Detection of Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Severe to Morbid Obesity","volume":"283","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"R40-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2010.00824.x","article-title":"Assessment of Abdominal Adipose Tissue and Organ Fat Content by Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"R41-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05121.x","article-title":"Correlation between liver histology and novel magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014MRI accurately quantifies hepatic steatosis in NAFLD","volume":"36","author":"Permutt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R42-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25731","article-title":"Effect of colesevelam on liver fat quantified by magnetic resonance in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Le","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R43-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26455","article-title":"Utility of magnetic resonance imaging versus histology for quantifying changes in liver fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease trials","volume":"58","author":"Noureddin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R44-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27647","article-title":"Ezetimibe for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: assessment by novel magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance elastography in a randomized trial (MOZART trial)","volume":"61","author":"Loomba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R45-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28337","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography is superior to acoustic radiation force impulse for the diagnosis of fibrosis in patients with biopsy\u2010proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective study","volume":"63","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R46-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.65","article-title":"Novel 3D Magnetic Resonance Elastography for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Advanced Fibrosis in NAFLD: A Prospective Study","volume":"111","author":"Loomba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R47-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.04.023","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of blood fibrosis tests and liver stiffness measurement by FibroScan in non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"65","author":"Boursier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R48-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.11.048","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging More Accurately Classifies Steatosis and Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Than Transient Elastography","volume":"150","author":"Imajo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R49-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12226","article-title":"Predictive value of ALT levels for non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced fibrosis in non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"33","author":"Verma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R50-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25762","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association","volume":"55","author":"Chalasani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R51-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.07.042","article-title":"Limited value of plasma cytokeratin\u201018 as a biomarker for NASH and fibrosis in patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"60","author":"Cusi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R52-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22140","article-title":"The future is around the corner: Noninvasive diagnosis of progressive nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"47","author":"Baranova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R53-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23050","article-title":"Cytokeratin\u201018 fragment levels as noninvasive biomarkers for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a multicenter validation study","volume":"50","author":"Feldstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R54-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04480.x","article-title":"A new composite model including metabolic syndrome, alanine aminotransferase and cytokeratin\u201018 for the diagnosis of non\u2010alcoholic steatohepatitis in morbidly obese patients","volume":"32","author":"Anty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R55-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-008-9639-z","article-title":"A biomarker biopsy for the diagnosis of NASH: promises from CK\u201018 fragments","volume":"18","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"R56-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-010-0204-1","article-title":"A biomarker panel for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NASH\u2010related fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Younossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"R57-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3046","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M007096","article-title":"Mass spectrometric profiling of oxidized lipid products in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Feldstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R58-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3031-8","article-title":"OxNASH score correlates with histologic features and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Alkhouri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"R59-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06774.x","article-title":"Complex non\u2010invasive fibrosis models are more accurate than simple models in non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"26","author":"Adams","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R60-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01209.x","article-title":"Clinical model for distinguishing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from simple steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"26","author":"Palekar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R61-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01322.x","article-title":"Usefulness of a combined evaluation of the serum adiponectin level, HOMA\u2010IR, and serum type IV collagen 7S level to predict the early stage of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"102","author":"Shimada","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R62-38-20241017","first-page":"219","article-title":"Controversies in the Diagnosis and Management of NAFLD and NASH","volume":"10","author":"Rinella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R63-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P055640","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites as novel lipidomic biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"56","author":"Loomba","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"R64-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13054","article-title":"Performance of non\u2010invasive models of fibrosis in predicting mild to moderate fibrosis in patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"36","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R65-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1021\/pr201223p","article-title":"Obesity\u2010dependent metabolic signatures associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression","volume":"11","author":"Barr","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"R66-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.08.005","article-title":"In patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolically abnormal individuals are at a higher risk for mortality while metabolically normal individuals are not","volume":"62","author":"Younossi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"R67-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17030367","article-title":"Bidirectional Relationships and Disconnects between NAFLD and Features of the Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Wainwright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R68-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27368","article-title":"Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease\u2010specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow\u2010up","volume":"61","author":"Ekstedt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R69-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep1025","article-title":"Technology Insight: noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by biochemical scores and elastography","volume":"5","author":"Pinzani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R70-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2013-201620","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease: non\u2010invasive investigation and risk stratification","volume":"66","author":"Dyson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R71-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.216077","article-title":"Simple non\u2010invasive fibrosis scoring systems can reliably exclude advanced fibrosis in patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"59","author":"McPherson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R72-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21496","article-title":"The NAFLD fibrosis score: a noninvasive system that identifies liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD","volume":"45","author":"Angulo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R73-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.05.033","article-title":"Comparison of noninvasive markers of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Shah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R74-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.453","article-title":"Age as a Confounding Factor for the Accurate Non\u2010Invasive Diagnosis of Advanced NAFLD Fibrosis","volume":"112","author":"McPherson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R75-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26030","article-title":"Validation of terminal peptide of procollagen III for the detection and assessment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"57","author":"Tanwar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R76-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1009","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00283.2016","article-title":"Fibrogenesis assessed by serological type III collagen formation identifies patients with progressive liver fibrosis and responders to a potential antifibrotic therapy","volume":"311","author":"Karsdal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"R77-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.2174\/156652410790963321","article-title":"Non\u2010invasive diagnostic tests for non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Estep","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"R78-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.28","article-title":"Caution in Using Non\u2010Invasive Scoring Systems in NAFLD Beyond Highly Selected Study Populations","volume":"112","author":"Armstrong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R79-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.596","article-title":"Low Utility of Noninvasive Fibrosis Scores in Young Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"112","author":"Doycheva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R80-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.052","article-title":"Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis: a cohort study","volume":"127","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"R81-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21984","article-title":"Noninvasive markers of fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Validating the European Liver Fibrosis Panel and exploring simple markers","volume":"47","author":"Guha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R82-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-6-6","article-title":"Diagnostic value of biochemical markers (FibroTest\u2010FibroSURE) for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"6","author":"Ratziu","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R83-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28860","article-title":"Identifying nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with active fibrosis by measuring extracellular matrix remodeling rates in tissue and blood","volume":"65","author":"Decaris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R84-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311526","article-title":"Plasma DNA methylation: a potential biomarker for stratification of liver fibrosis in non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"66","author":"Hardy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R85-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-306996","article-title":"Circulating microRNA signature in non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease: from serum non\u2010coding RNAs to liver histology and disease pathogenesis","volume":"64","author":"Pirola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"R86-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105192","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105192","article-title":"A pilot study of serum microRNAs panel as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R87-38-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309456","article-title":"Serum microRNAs explain discordance of non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: a prospective study","volume":"65","author":"Zarrinpar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fhep.29721","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-201807000-00038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T09:07:27Z","timestamp":1751101647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-201807000-00038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.29721","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}}}