{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T22:43:03Z","timestamp":1784241783473,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531180800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal T cell\u2013mediated, inflammatory, sclerosing cholangiopathy. In the rhesus rotavirus (RRV)\u2013induced neonatal mouse model of BA (murine BA), mice lacking B cells do not develop BA, and the lack of B cells is associated with loss of T\u2010cell and macrophage activation. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of B cell\u2013mediated immune activation (antigen presentation versus cytokine production) in murine BA. Normal neonatal B cells in the liver are predominantly at pro\u2010B and pre\u2010B cellular development. However, BA mice exhibit a significant increase in the number and activation status of mature liver B cells. Adoptively transferred B cells into RRV\u2010infected, B cell\u2013deficient mice were able to reinstate T\u2010cell and macrophage infiltration and biliary injury. Nonetheless, neonatal liver B cells were incompetent at antigen presentation to T cells. Moreover, 3\u201083 immunoglobulin transgenic mice, in which B cells only present an irrelevant antigen, developed BA, indicating a B\u2010cell antigen\u2013independent mechanism. B cells from BA mice produced a variety of innate and adaptive immune cytokines associated with immune activation.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    trans\u2010well studies revealed that BA B cells secreted cytokines that activated T cells based on increased expression of T\u2010cell activation marker cluster of differentiation 69.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Neonatal liver B cells are highly activated in murine BA and contribute to immune activation through production of numerous cytokines involved in innate and adaptive immunity; this work provides increased knowledge on the capacity of neonatal B cells to contribute to an inflammatory disease through cytokine\u2010mediated mechanisms, and future studies should focus on targeting B cells as a therapeutic intervention in human BA.\n                  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