{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T07:34:11Z","timestamp":1773300851553,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) share the similar fecal\u2010oral transmission route. During an outbreak of sexually transmitted acute hepatitis A among men who have sex with men (MSM) worldwide between 2015 and 2017, we investigated the possibility of sexual transmission and related morbidity of HEV infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010positive patients. From March 1, 2015 to August 31, 2017, anti\u2010HEV immunoglobulin G was retrospectively determined among 3,293 HIV\u2010positive patients, who were mainly MSM (87.6%) with a median CD4 count of 575 cells\/\u03bcL. Prevalence and incidence of HEV infection were 3.7% (123 of 3,293) and 4.35 per 1,000 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up (PYFU), respectively, which were significantly lower compared with those of HAV infection (31.1% [996 of 3,204] and 12.61 per 1,000 PYFU, respectively). The number of patients with HEV infection did not increase with the hepatitis A epidemic. The factor associated with prevalent HEV infection was older age (per 1\u2010year increase, adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.05\u20101.09), but neither sexual orientation nor acquisition of sexually transmitted infections was related to prevalent or incident HEV infection. Among 23 patients with incident HEV infection, 22 patients had viremia caused by HEV genotype 4. No patients had prolonged HEV viremia or clinical symptoms, and only a mild elevation of serum aminotransferase, ranging from 34 to 77 IU\/L, was noted. Although 4 patients had hepatitis for a prolonged duration of between 8 and 17 months, no abdominal imaging revealed liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> HEV endemicity remained low among HIV\u2010positive patients in Taiwan during the outbreak of acute hepatitis A. Our data suggest that sexual transmission of HEV with significant morbidity of HEV infection, if any, is rare in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T16:39:40Z","timestamp":1558111180000},"page":"1892-1902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hepatitis E Virus Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013Positive Individuals During an Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis A in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Kuan\u2010Yin","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine,National Taiwan University Hospital Jin\u2010Shan Branch,New Taipei City,Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pi\u2010Han","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology,National Taiwan University College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin\u2010Yun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology,National Taiwan University College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Hsin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology,National Taiwan University College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Ching","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Yuan","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine,National Taiwan University Hospital,Taipei,Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sui\u2010Yuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology,National Taiwan University College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine,National Taiwan University Hospital,Taipei,Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6877-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien\u2010Ching","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology,National Taiwan University College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research,China Medical University Hospital,Taichung,Taiwan"},{"name":"China Medical University,Taichung,Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan\u2010Chwen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine,National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"hep30771-bib-0002-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.005","article-title":"EASL Clinical practice guidelines on hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"68","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"hep30771-bib-0003-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000188","article-title":"Hepatitis A: epidemiology in resource\u2010poor countries","volume":"28","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"hep30771-bib-0004-20241017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00057-13","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"27","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol 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