{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:30:47Z","timestamp":1792114247140,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alcohol\u2010associated liver disease (ALD) are main causes of chronic liver disease. We assessed the global incidence, mortality, and disability\u2010adjusted life\u2010years (DALYs) related to chronic liver disease (primary liver cancer [LC] and cirrhosis).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We obtained data from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study. In 2017, there were 2.14\u00a0million liver\u2010related deaths (2.06\u20102.30\u00a0million), representing an 11.4% increase since 2012 (16.0% increase in LC deaths; 8.7% increase in cirrhosis deaths). LC and cirrhosis accounted for 38.3% and 61.7%, respectively, of liver deaths (LC and cirrhosis deaths were related to HBV [39% and 29%], HCV [29% and 26%], ALD [16% and 25%], and NAFLD [8% and 9%]). Between 2012 and 2017, age\u2010standardized incidence rate, age\u2010standardized death rate (ASDR), and age\u2010standardized DALY rate increased for LC from 11.1 to 11.8, 10.1 to 10.2, and 250.4 to 253.6 per 100,000, respectively. Although age\u2010standardized incidence rate for cirrhosis increased from 66.0 to 66.3, ASDR and age\u2010standardized DALY rate decreased from 17.1 to 16.5 and 532.9 to 510.7, respectively. The largest increase in ASDR for LC occurred in Eastern Europe (annual percent change [APC]\u00a0=\u00a02.18% [0.89%\u20103.49%]), whereas the largest decrease occurred in high\u2010income Asia Pacific (APC\u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.88% [\u22123.58 to \u22122.18%]). ASDR for LC\u2010NAFLD and ALD increased annually by 1.42% (1.00%\u20101.83%) and 0.53% (0.08\u20100.89), respectively, whereas there were no increases for HBV (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.224) and HCV (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.054). ASDR for cirrhosis\u2010NAFLD increased (APC\u00a0=\u00a00.29% [0.01%\u20100.59%]) but decreased for ALD (APC\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.44% [\u22120.78% to \u22120.40%]), HCV (APC\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.50% [\u22120.81% to \u22120.18%]), and HBV (APC\u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.43% [\u22121.71% to \u22120.40%]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2012 to 2017, the global burden of LC and cirrhosis has increased. Viral hepatitis remains the most common cause of liver deaths, and NAFLD is the most rapidly growing contributor to liver mortality and morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T05:18:12Z","timestamp":1581398292000},"page":"1605-1616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":732,"title":["Changes in the Global Burden of Chronic Liver Diseases From 2012 to 2017: The Growing Impact of NAFLD"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"James M.","family":"Paik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research,Inova Health System,Falls Church,VA,United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pegah","family":"Golabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated 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